Riassunto
This book is the first volume of a two-volume work, which is an improved version of a preprint [47] published in German. We seek to deduce the funda- mental concepts of quantum mechanics solely from a description of macroscopic devices. The microscopic systems such as electrons, atoms, etc. must be detected on the basis of the macroscopic behavior of the devices. This detection resembles the detection of the dinosaurs on the basis offossils. In this first volume we develop a general description of macroscopic systems by trajectories in state spaces. This general description is a basis for the special de- scription of devices consisting of two parts, where the first part is acting on the second. The microsystems are discovered as systems transmitting the action. Axioms which describe general empirical structures of the interactions between the two parts of each device, give rise to a derivation of the Hilbert space structure of quantum mechanics. Possibly, these axioms (and consequently the Hilbert space structure) may fail to describe other realms than the structure of atoms and mole- cules, for instance the "elementary particles". This book supplements ref. [2]. Both together not only give an extensive foundation of quantum mechanics but also a solution in principle of the measuring problem.
Contenuti
I The Problem of Formulating an Axiomatics for Quantum Mechanics.- § 1 Is There an Axiomatic Basis for Quantum Mechanics?.- § 2 Concepts Unsuitable in a Basis for Quantum Mechanics.- § 3 Experimental Situations Describable Solely by Pretheories.- § 4 Mathematical Problems.- § 5 Progress to More Comprehensive Theories.- II Pretheories for Quantum Mechanics.- § 1 State Space and Trajectory Space.- § 2 Preparation and Registration Procedures.- § 2.1 Statistical Selection Procedures.- § 2.2 Preparation Procedures.- § 2.3 Registration Procedures.- § 2.4 Dependence of Registration on Preparation.- § 3 Trajectory Preparation and Registration Procedures.- § 3.1 Trajectory Effects.- § 3.2 Trajectory Ensembles.- § 3.3 The Dynamic Laws and the Objectivating Manner of Description.- § 3.4 Dynamically Continuous Systems.- § 4 Transformations of Preparation and Registration Procedures.- § 4.1 Time Translations of the Trajectory Registration Procedures.- § 4.2 Time Translations of the Preparation Procedures.- § 4.3 Further Transformations of Preparation and Registration Procedures.- § 5 The Macrosystems as Physical Objects.- III Base Sets and Fundamental Structure Terms for a Theory of Microsystems.- § 1 Composite Macrosystems.- § 2 Preparation and Registration Procedures for Composite Macrosystems.- § 3 Directed Interactions.- § 4 Action Carriers.- § 5 Ensembles and Effects.- § 5.1 The Problem of Combining Preparation and Registration Procedures.- § 5.2 Physical Systems.- § 5.3 Mixing and De-mixing of Ensembles and Effects.- § 5.4 Re-elimination of the Action Carrier.- § 6 Objectivating Method of Describing Experiments.- § 6.1 The Method of Describing Composite Macrosystems in the Trajectory Space.- § 6.2 Trajectory Effects of the Composite Systems.- § 6.3 Trajectory Ensembles of the Composite Systems.- § 6.4 The Structure of the Trajectory Measures for Directed Action.- § 6.5 Complete Description by Trajectories.- § 6.6 Use of the Interaction for the Registration of Macrosystems.- § 6.7 The Relation Between the Two Forms of an Axiomatic Basis.- § 7 Transport of Systems Relative to Each Other.- IV Embedding of Ensembles and Effect Sets in Topological Vector Spaces.- § 1 Embedding of K, L in a Dual Pair of Vector Spaces.- § 2 Uniform Structures of the Physical Imprecision on K and L.- § 3 Embedding of K and L in Topologically Complete Vector Spaces.- § 4 ?, ?’, D, D’ Considered as Ordered Vector Spaces.- § 5 The Faces of K and L.- § 6 Some Convergence Theorems.- V Observables and Preparators.- § 1 Coexistent Effects and Observables.- § 1.1 Coexistent Registrations.- § 1.2 Coexistent Effects.- § 1.3 Observables.- § 2 Mixture Morphisms.- § 3 Structures in the Class of Observables.- § 3.1 The Spaces ? (?) and ?’ (?) Assigned to a Boolean Ring ?.- § 3.2 Mixture Morphism Corresponding to an Observable.- § 3.3 The Kernel of an Observable.- § 3.4 De-mixing of Observables.- § 3.5 Measurement Scales of Observables and Totally Ordered Subsets of L.- § 4 Coexistent and Complementary Observables.- § 5 Realization of Observables.- § 6 Coexistent De-mixing of Ensembles.- § 7 Complementary De-mixings of Ensembles.- § 8 Realizations of De-mixings.- § 9 Preparators and Faces of K.- § 10 Physical Objects as Action Carriers.- § 11 Operations and Transpreparators.- VI Main Laws of Preparation and Registration.- § 1 Main Laws for the Increase in Sensitivity of Registrations.- § 1.1 Increase in Sensitivity Relative to Two Effect Procedures.- § 1.2 Some Experimental and Intuitive Indications for the Law of Increase in Sensitivity.- § 1.3 Decision Effects.- § 1.4 The Increase in Sensitivity of an Effect.- § 2 Relations Between Preparation and Registration Procedures.- § 2.1 Main Law for the De-mixing of Ensembles and Related Possibilities of Registering.- § 2.2 Some Consequences of Axiom AV2.- § 3 The Lattice G.- § 4 Commensurable Decision Effects.- § 5 The Orthomodularity of G.- § 6 The Main Law for Not Coexistent Registrations.- § 6.1 Experimental Hints for Formulating the Main Law for Not Coexistent Registrations.- § 6.2 Some Important Equiválenees.- § 6.3 Formulation of the Main Law and Some Consequences.- § 7 The Main Law of Quantization.- § 7.1 Intuitive Indications for Formulating the Main Law of Quantization.- § 7.2 Simple Consequences of the Main Law of Quantization.- VII Decision Observables and the Center.- § 1 The Commutator of a Set of Decision Effects.- § 2 Decision Observables.- § 3 Structures in That Class of Observables Whose Range also Contains Elements of G.- § 4 Commensurable Decision Observables.- § 5 Decomposition of ? and ?’ Relative to the Center Z.- § 5.1 Reduction of the Elements of ?’ by the Elements of G.- § 5.2 Reduction by Center Elements.- § 5.3 Classical Systems.- § 5.4 Decomposition into Irreducible Parts.- § 6 System Types and Super Selection Rules.- VIII Representation of ?, ?’ by Banach Spaces of Operators in a Hilbert Space.- § 1 The Finite Elements of G.- § 2 The General Representation Theorem for Irreducible G.- § 3 Some Topological Properties of G.- § 4 The Representation Theorem for K, L.- § 4.1 The Representation Theorem for G.- § 4.2 The Ensembles and Effects.- § 4.3 Coexistence, Commensurability, Uncertainty Relations, and Commutability of Operators.- § 5 Some Theorems for Finite-dimensional and Irreducible ?.- A II Banach Lattices.- A III The Axiom AVid and the Minimal Decomposition Property.- A IV The Bishop-Phelps Theorem and the Ellis Theorem.- List of Frequently Used Symbols.- List of Axioms.
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