Benchmarking for Performance Evaluation

This book provides a detailed introduction to the theoretical and methodological foundations of production efficiency analysis using benchmarking. Two of the more popular methods of efficiency evaluation are Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), both of which are based on the concept of a production possibility set and its frontier. Depending on the assumed objectives of the decision-making unit, a Production, Cost, or Profit Frontier is constructed from observed data on input and output quantities and prices. While SFA uses different maximum likelihood estimation techniques to estimate a parametric frontier, DEA relies on mathematical programming to create a nonparametric frontier. Yet another alternative is the Convex Nonparametric Frontier, which is based on the assumed convexity of the production possibility set and creates a piecewise linear frontier consisting of a number of tangent hyper planes.

Three of the papers in this volume provide a detailed and relatively easy to follow exposition of the underlying theory from neoclassical production economics and offer step-by-step instructions on the appropriate model to apply in different contexts and how to implement them. Of particular appeal are the instructions on (i) how to write the codes for different SFA models on STATA, (ii) how to write a VBA Macro for repetitive solution of the DEA problem for each production unit on Excel Solver, and (iii) how to write the codes for the Nonparametric Convex Frontier estimation. The three other papers in the volume are primarily theoretical and will be of interest to PhD students and researchers hoping to make methodological and conceptual contributions to the field of nonparametric efficiency analysis.

Subhash C. Ray is Professor, Department of Economics, at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. He obtained his PhD in Economics from the University of California-Santa Barbara, USA. His subject areas are microeconomics and econometrics; and his areas of research interest are time series models and production analysis. Professor Ray is on the Editorial Board of many internal journals and has several published papers in acclaimed journals to his credit.

Subal C. Kumbhakar is the University Distinguished Professor in Economics at the Binghamton University, State University of New York, USA. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Southern California in 1986. Professor Kumbhakar's main area of research is applied microeconomics with a focus on estimation of efficiency in production. He uses production, cost, and profit function approaches to estimate economic efficiency. Although his research in this area is based on micro data, his specialty is in the use of panel data. He has formulated a variety of panel data models to measure efficiency, which he has applied to U.S. railroads, airlines, Swedish agriculture, banking, manufacturing, electricity distribution and public administration, electric utilities in Texas, etc. He has also worked on models using cross-sectional data applications that include U.S. and Utah dairy farmers, Texas schools, and Indian agriculture. His current research is on modeling risk, dynamic efficiency, dynamic factor demand model, technical change, and regulation and total factor productivity. Professor Kumbhakar is currently a co-editor of Empirical Economics and serves on Editorial Boards of international journals.

Pami Dua is Professor and Head of Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India. She obtained her PhD from the London School of Economics, University of London, UK. She teaches econometrics, time series analysis, forecasting, and macroeconomics and her areas of research interest are business cycle analysis, macroeconomics, time series econometrics, and forecasting. Professor Dua has published many papers with acclaimed journals and is the Editor of the Indian Economic Review and Vice President of The Indian Econometric Society.