Bio-Applications of Nanoparticles

CONTENTS Section I. Nanostructure and Biomolecule Synthesis PREFACE ........................................................................................................... vii 1. SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES TO SIZE AND SHAPE CONTROLLED NANOCRYSTALS AND NANOCRYSTAL HETEROSTRUCTURES...................................................................... 1 P. Davide Cozzoli and Liberato Manna Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Colloidal Approaches: A Few General Concepts .............................................................. 3 Size Control .......................................................................................................................... 3 Shape Control ...................................................................................................................... 4 Hybrid Nanocrystals ........................................................................................................... 8 Core-Shell Nanocrystals .................................................................................................... 10 Nanocrystal Hetero-Oligomers ......................................................................................... 12 Hybrid Nanocrystals Based on Rod-Like Sections ......................................................... 14 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 14 2. CURRENT APPROACHES FOR ENGINEERING PROTEINS WITH DIVERSE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ............................ 18 Isaac T.S. Li, Elizabeth Pham and Kevin Truong Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 18 Random Mutagenesis ........................................................................................................ 18 Site-Directed Mutagenesis ................................................................................................ 20 Non-Canonical Amino Acid Substitution ........................................................................ 21 DNA Recombination .......................................................................................................... 23 Directed Evolution ............................................................................................................. 25 Fusion Proteins .................................................................................................................. 27 Circular Permutation ........................................................................................................ 27 Conclusions and Perspectives ........................................................................................... 29 CONTENTS xvi Contents Section II. Applications of Nanostructures 3. PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES .......................................................... 34 Travis Jennings and Geoffrey Strouse Introduction to Gold Nanoparticles ................................................................................. 34 Synthetic Routes of Materials Synthesis ......................................................................... 35 Optical and Electronic Properties .................................................................................... 37 Practical Uses of Gold Nanomaterials ............................................................................. 45 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 46 4. MU