Biochemical Engineering for 2001

Biochemical engineering forms a bridge between fundamental biochemical research and large scale biotechnology processes. It covers genetic and protein engineering, cell culture, bioprocess and reactor design, separation and modelling. Research work in biochemical engineering is an investment in the future, when conventional resources will have to be replaced with renewable ones. In this book the papers presented at the Asia-Pacific Biochemical Engineering Conference (Yokohama, Japan 1992) are collected. This collection is unique in its wide coverage of topics and it gives an overview of the current trends of research in an important area.

1. Overview.- Biochemical Engineering — Past, Present and Future.- Strategic Planning and New Directions in Biochemical Engineering.- New Biocatalytic Functions of Microorganisms and Their Industrial Applications.- 2. Gene and Protein Engineering.- Development of a Bacillus brevis Host-Vector System for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production and Its Application to Protein Engineering.- Chimeric Receptor Made from IgM and EGFR that Induces Phosphorylation Upon Binding with Antigen.- Molecular Cloning of Feline Interferon cDNA by Direct Expression and Its Mass Production Using Silkworm.- Expression of Human Calcitonin in Escherichia coli.- Control of Gene Expression and Overproduction of Useful Heterologous Protein by Using an On-Line Sensor.- Expression and Secretion of Cloned Proteins in Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- Plasmid Loss Probability in Escherichia coli as a Function of the Growth Rate of Plasmid-Bearing Cells. I: Variation During Continuous Cultures.- Plasmid Loss Probability in Escherichia coli as a Function of the Growth Rate of Plasmid-Bearing Cells. II: Modelling for Continuous Cultures.- Cloning and Expression of the Xylose (Glucose) Isomerase Gene from the Thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB8.- Mutagenesis Studies on the Amino Acid Residues Involved in an Iron-Binding Domain and a Catalytic Site of Human 5-Lipoxygenase.- Technology of Production of Recombinant Prourokinase.- High Level Expression and Secretion of Biologically Active Leech Hirudin Variant 1 (HV1) by Escherichia coli.- Transfer of Isolated Nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Into Anucleated Protoplasts of Nectaromyces species.- 3. Enzyme Engineering.- In Vitro Protein Refolding.- Nitrile Hydratase: Investigation of Its Light-Induced Activation.- Cloning of Bacillus licheniformis Amylase Gene and Its Application to Synthesis of Branched Oligosaccharides.- Aldolases for Use in Carbohydrate Synthesis : Enzymatic Reaction Engineering as a Tool for Process Optimization.- Bioconversion of Gaseous Substrate by Methylotrophic Hansenula polymorpha in a Gas-Solid Bioreactor.- Asymmetric Hydrolysis of Phenylglycidate Ester by Esterase from Serratia marcescens.- D-Threonine Aldolase and Its Application to D-ß-Hydroxy-a-Amino Acid Synthesis.- Improvement of Enzymatic Properties by Hydrophobic Interaction.- The Effect of Amphopathics on the Properties of Enzymes (Lipase, Cholinesterase, Cellulase).- Modified Cellulase with Amphiphilic Copolymers: Solubilization in Organic Solvent.- Aminoacylase-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-Acyl Amino Acid from Fatty Acid or Its Ethyl Ester and Amino Acid.- Peptide Synthesis in Organic Solvent with an Immobilized Enzyme.- A Novel Interesterification Process for Fats and Oils Using Acetone-Dried Fungus Immobilized in Biomass Support Particles.- Fractionation of Cellulase Components by Affinity Precipitation: Production of Cellobiose by Enzymatic Hydrolysis.- Separation of Positional Isomers by Combined Use of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Extraction.- Studies on the Synthesis and Properties of the Mimics with Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and Preparation of the Conjugate of Mimic-Antibody.- Direct Synthesis of Cyclodextrin in a Heterogeneous Enzyme Reaction System Containing Insoluble Extruded Starch.- 4. Fermentation Technology.- Engineering and Genetic Approaches to Optimization of Recombinant Fermentation Process.- Computer-Controlled Fed-Batch Cultivation of a Recombinant Escherichia coli for Overproduction of Human Interleukin-2.- Production of Recombinant HTLV-I Envelope Protein.- Computer-Controlled High Cell Density Cultivation of Recombinant Escherichia coli Producing ß-Galactosidase.- Use of an Adaptive Control Strategy for the Production of Exotoxin A from High Density Culture of Recombinant Escherichia coli.- Effective Extracellular Production of Heterologous Proteins by Automated Fed-Batch Cultures of Recombinant Microorganisms Carrying Excretion Plasmid Vectors.- Production of Antifungal Peptide Produced by Bacillus subtilis in Solid State Fermentation.- Dynamics of Trichoderma reesei Pellet Formation and Oxygen Penetration Phenomenon in the Pellet.- Studies on Drying Pullulan by Using Spray-Fluid-Bed with Carriers Circulation.- Molecular Breeding of a Biotin-Hyperproducing Strain of Serratia marcescens.- Hyper-Production of Thermostable Lipase by Genetically Engineered Pseudomonas Species.- Effects of In Vitro Protein Stabilizers on the Overproduction of ß-Lactamase in Escherichia coli.- Fermentation Conditions for Maximizing Hemolysin Production in Batch and Continuous Cultures of Recombinant Escherichia coli.- Reconsideration of Commercially Available Medium Component in Recombinant Yeast Culture.- Production of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Including PreS(PreS-HBsAg) in Fed-Batch Culture of Recombinant Yeast.- Growth and Induction Effects on the Expression of rhTNF-ß.- Production of Thermophilic Protease (Aqualysin I) by Fed-Batch Cultures of Recombinant Escherichia coli.- Production of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid (PHB) by Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 in a Fed-Batch Culture.- Kinetic Analysis of Continuous and Batch Cultures with Streptococcus faecalis.- Kinetic Study of Lysine Fermentation in Cane Molasses Base Medium.- A New Scale-Up Method Based on the Effect of Ventilation on Aerated Fermentation Systems.- Measurement of Shaking-Flask Performance and Its Application to Scaling Up a Fermentation Process to a Stirred-Tank Fermentor.- Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on the Feedback Inhibition of Sisomicin Production.- Effect of pH and Its Optimization for High Molecular Weight of Pullulan.- Production of Biosurfactants by Candida Antarctica.- Photometric Measurement of High Cell Density Culture Broth with Continuous Dilution System.- Continuous and High Cell Density Cultivation of Escherichia coli W3110 (pEC901) Harboring Human Interferon Alpha A Gene.- Purification and Characterization of Nitrilase Catalyzing Asymmetric Hydrolysis of Aminonitriles from Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34.- Carbon Mass Balance Analysis of Sophorose Lipid Production by Torulopsis bombicola.- Gel Formation by Methylan Produced from Methanol.- 5. Plant Cell Culture.- Extractive Plant Cell Culture.- Studies on the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell Culture.- Studies on Production of Flavonol Glycosides in Cell Cultures of Ginkgo biloba.- Flavonoid Production from a Cell Suspension Culture of Scutellaria baicalensis G.- Increasing Secondary Metabolite Production by In Vivo Extraction and Elicitation.- Investigation of the Production of Shikonin Derivatives from Immobilized Lithospermum erythrorhizon Cells by Intermittent Permeabilization.- Production of Red Pigments by Perilla frutescens Cells in Bioreactors.- Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites from High Density Perfusion Cultures.- Production of Artificial Seeds.- ß-Carotene Production by DO-Stat Semi-Continuous Culture of Carrot Cells in an Air-Lift Column with Draft Tube.- Effects of Bioregulators and Administration Methods on the Biotransformation of Monoterpenes by Cultured Cells of Eucalyptus perriniana.- Production of Cardenolides by Plant Cell and Tissue Cultures.- Effects of Rate Limiting Factors on Vitamin E Production Using Safflower Cells.- Stimulation of Shikonin Derivative Accumulation in Onosma paniculatum and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Cell Culture by Fungal Elicitors.- Production of Red Pigment by Tissue Culture of Phytolacca americana.- Production of Essential Oil by Mentha piperita Cell Culture.- Bioreactor-Based Culture of Plant Hairy Roots for Production and Recovery of Pigments.- Caffeine Production by Polyurethane Foam Immobilized Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Cells.- Design of Tubular Microporous Membrane Aerated Bioreactors for Plant Cell Cultures.- 6. Animal Cell Culture.- Proteins and Pesticides from the Insect Cell-Baculovirus System.- Study of Hybridoma Cells, Kinetics in High Density Culture.- Physiological Modelling of Uptake and Partitioning of Glucose and Glutamine for Growth and Antibody Production by a Mouse Hybridoma.- The Effects of Glutamine and Glucose Concentration on Hybridoma Cell Growth and Antibody Productivity.- Development of Large-Scale Suspension Reactor for Anchorage-Dependent and Independent Mammalian Cell Culture.- Production of t-PA by Recombinant Mouse Fibroblast Cell Cultures in a Perfusion Bioreactor.- Microcarrier Culture of Fish Cells and Viruses in Cell Culture Bioreactor.- Application of Three Dimensional Culture of Adult Rat Hepatocytes in PUF Pores for Artificial Liver Support System.- Effects of Glucose and Lactate in Insect Cell (Sf9) Culture.- Large-Scale Culture of Vero Cells on GT-2 Microcarrier in Cell Culture Bioreactors.- Growth of Anchorage-Independent Animal Cells Captured in Newly Developed Porous Microcarriers.- A Packed-Bed Bioreactor Utilizing Reticulated Polyvinyl Formal Resin to Attain High Density Culture of Hepatocytes.- High Density Culture of Hybridoma Cell Using Perfluorocarbon for Oxygen Supply.- Suspension Culture of Insect Cells in a Spin-Filter Bioreactor for Recombinant Protein Production.- A Selective Ammonia Removal System for Hybridoma Cell Cultures.- High Density and Stable Immobilization of Floating Spheroids of Rat Hepatocytes for an Artificial Liver Module.- Generation and Characterization of Anti-Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Transforming Growth Factor ß-1.- Effect of Nutrients and Metabolites on Hybridoma Cell Growth and Metabolism.- 7. Bioreactor.- Role of the Reactor in Optimizing Productivity of Suspension Culture Animal Cells.- Autotroph Culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus Using H2, O2 , and CO2 Gas-Mixture Adjusting out of Explosive Region.- Production of Sorbitol with Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide Permeabilized cells of Zymomonas mobilis.- Ethanol Fermentation in the Liquid-Solid Downward Flow Light Particle Fluidized Bed Bioreactor.- Fermentation of Banana Wine with Immobilized Yeast.- The Bioconversion of Sugar Beet Pulp into Microbial Protein with Aspergillus tamarii by Solid State Fermentation.- Production of Alkaline Protease by Semi-Solid-State Fermentation Using Urethane Foam as Carrier.- Microcarrier Motion and Its Effect on Mass Transfer Inside a Horizontally Rotating Bioreactor for Animal Cell Culture.- Fed-Batch Culture in an Airlift Reactor with a Net Draft Tube.- Characterization of Liquid-Impelled Loop Reactors.- An Investigation of Mass Transfer Characteristics of a Dynamic Bioreactor.- Modelling of a Bioreactor: Optimization of a Loop Reactor for Biochemical Systems.- Studies on the Performance of Bioreactors Used for the Fermentation Process with Highly Viscous Broth.- Electro-Ultra Filtration Bioreactor for Enzymatic Reaction in Reverse Micelles.- The Application of Airlift Reactors for Immobilized Enzyme Reactions.- Vinegar Production in a Bioreactor with Chitosan Beads as Supports of Immobilized Bacteria.- Continuous Production of Biomass and Metabolites in High Cell Density Membrane Bioreactor.- Investigation into the Immobilization of Yeast Cell by Alginate Gel Beads.- Kinetics of Gel Swelling in Pure Water and Collapse in an Electric Field.- A Study on the Development of an Annulus-Airlift Fermentor for Production of 2-Keto-L-Gulonic Acid.- Investigation of the Characteristics of an Air-Lift Loop Reactor with Internal Circulation and Its Use for Glutamic Acid Fermentation.- Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Mycelial Fermentation Broths in a Novel Bubble Column.- Continuous Synthesis of Oligopeptide by Free Enzyme in Pulsed Extraction Column Bioreactor.- Enzymatic NAD+Recycling in Large Liposomes Prepared by Means of the Two-Step Emulsification Procedure.- pH Profiles in Biochemical Reactors.- Continuous Operation of Olive Oil Hydrolysis with Lipase in “Vibro Mixer”.- Biochemical Production by Living Cell Reaction Processes.- Parameteric Analysis of Effect of Oxygen Tension on Citric Acid Production by Surface Culture.- Disruption of Yeast and Partitioning of Proteins and Cell Debris in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.- Steam Control and Oxygen Solubilization Using a Cross Flow Fan in an Agitating Bioreactor.- 8. Bioseparation.- Recent Advances in Bioseparation.- Scaling Rules of Nonlinear, Coupled Elution Chromatography.- Preparative HPLC of Macrolide Antibiotics.- Separation of Hyaluronic Acid from Plant and Animal Tissues.- Immunorecognition of Anti-Peptide Antibodies and Application to Separation of Biomolecules.- Towards Enhanced Specificity During the Purification of Microbial Proteins.- Protein Separation in the Medium of Organic Solvent by High Electrical Potential.- Concentration of Tocopherols from Soybean Sludge by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.- Mass Transfer Rate and Simulation of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioproducts.- Crossflow Membrane Filtration of Highly Viscous Microbial Broth.- Functionalized Membranes for Adsorption of Proteins.- Fractionation of Escherichia coli on the Rupture of Bubbles at a Liquid Surface.- Separation of Proteins by New Reversed Micelles.- Mass Transfer Rate in Protein Extraction by Reverse Micelles.- Predicting the Performance of Production-Scale Chromatography.- Separation and Purification of Bilirubin from Hog Bile.- Affinity Purification of Proteins Using Colloidal Particles.- Metal Affinity Partitioning of Phosphoproteins in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.- Partition Coefficients of Fatty Acids Between Water and n-Hexane.- Chromatographic Behavior of Lipids with Supercritical Fluid Mobile Phase.- Extraction of Indole Alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.- Determination of Elution Conditions of Immunoaffinity Chromatography by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay) Method.- Separation and Concentration of Ampholytes by Recycling Free Flow Electrophoresis.- Bioproduct Adsorption on Encapsulated Adsorbent: Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model.- Shear Breakage of Bacterial Cells With Crossflow Filtration.- Extraction of Trehalose from Baker’s Yeast.- Activity and Conformation of Lysozyme in Reverse Micellar Extraction Processes.- Investigation on Large Scale Production of Steroid Drugs From Agave Plants.- The Effect of Amino Acid Sequence on the Separation of Peptides in an Aqueous Two-Phase System.- Separation of Butanol from the Extraction Fermentation Broth by Pervaporation.- Application of Pervaporation with Supported Liquid Membrane to Volatile Fermentation.- Membrane Affinity Chromatography Using Hollow Fibers Containing Hydrophobic Amino Acids as a Ligand.- Molecular Design and Construction of Affinity Ligands Using Engineered Enzymes.- 9. Biosensor and Biomedical Engineering.- Electrically Controlled Cell Culture and Its Biomedical Applications.- Development of a Delivery System for Carboxylic Ionophores: A Potentiator of Immunotoxin Toxicity Using Liposome as Carrier.- Function of Immobilized Heptocytes and Their Application for Artificial Liver Support.- Development of a Novel EN-FET as Pesticide Monitor.- A New Method for Analyzing Bacterial Abilities to Sense and Respond to Chemical Stimuli.- Development of Noninvasive Glucose Sensor by Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence for Clinical Applications.- Binding of Affinity Ligand with a Three-Dimensional Target: The Role of Diffusion Limitations.- Fiber Optic Biosensors: Potential Designs for Fermentation Sensing.- Liposome-Based Immunoassay for Complement Activity and Its Application to Clinical Tests.- Biospecific Antibodies for Thromolysis.- Antifibrosis Effect of Enzyme Compositions (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Hyaluronidase) in Experimental Silicosis.- 10. Process Modelling and Control.- Structured Models for Growth in Bioreactors with External Sources of Biomass.- Parameter Estimation in Fermentation Using Partial Data.- A Rapid Method of Parameter Estimation for a Heterogeneous Model of Protein Adsorption in Stirred and Recirculation Vessels.- Growth Controlled Fed-Batch Cultivations: Theory, Development of Contro...