Riassunto
Biomechanics as a scientific activity is not new. Already involved (or so it is said) in its practice were Aristotle (384-327 BC) and Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Recently, however, it has become fashionable as a separate field, as witnessed by the existence of a Journal of Biomechanics (1968), an Interna tional (1973), a European (1976) and an American (1977) Society of Biomechanics, and an amount of (usually recently erected) Biomechanics Laboratories at Uni versities or other institutions throughout the world. If one or~anises a Con ference on Biomechanics, a relatively large number of scientists leave their cubicles or workshops to visit the place of worship. It becomes quickly evident, however, that such a forum for scientific communication is far from being homo geneous. All are not of the same believe, and the variety in professional inte rests almost parallels the number of attendants. "Biomechanics, the science of applying methods and principles of Mechanics to biological tissues and medical problems" is a definition which, in one form or another, has found wide acceptance among biomecanicians. Nevertheless, Bio mechanics is interwoven and thus often confused with other scientific endeavors. It is colored differently by its many fields of application (e. g. Orthopaedic and Cardio-Vascular Surgery, Dentistry, Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Injury Prevention, Sports and others), and the backgrounds of its disciplina ries. It partly overlaps sciences as Biomaterials, Medical Physics and Biophy sics, Physiology, and Functional Anatomy.
Contenuti
I. ‘Keynote’ Articles.- 1. Perspectives in measurements and modeling of musculoskeletal joint dynamics.- 2. Perspectives in biomechanics applied to sport and physical education.- 3. Perspectives in human-joint kinematics.- 4. Advanced theoretical and experimental techniques in cartilage research.- 5. Bone as a mechanical structure.- 6. Bioengineering considerations in the use of major bone and joint prostheses — 32 years experience.- 7. Perspectives of soft tissue mechanics.- 8. Pressure-flow relations of arterial system and heart.- II. Muscelo-Skeletal Performance.- 9. SIMU - an interactive computer graphics simulation of human gait.- 10. Standardization of gait kinematic data using a gait symmetry index and Fourier analysis.- 11. Spinal loading during abnormal walking.- 12. Afferent contributions to postural tasks.- 13. Moment and work of the calf muscles in walking.- 14. In-vivo investigations on the mechanical function of the tractus iliotibialis.- 15. Optimal initial conditions for the eastern roll high jump.- III. Biomechanics of Joints.- 16. The application of roentgenstereophotogrammetry for evaluation of knee-joint kinematics in vitro.- 17. The displacement of the bony insertion sites of the anterior cruciate ligament during the flexion of the knee.- 18. Biomechanical Behaviour of the human tarsus related with a new radiological index.- 19. Measurements of twodimensional pressure distributions and contact areas of a joint using a pressure sensitive foil.- 20. Lumbar spine stability as determined by the axial twist.- IV. Biomechanics of Bone.- 21. A dynamic model for a healing fractured tibia.- 22. Deformational behaviour of tibio-fibular frames: the influence of anatomic variables.- 23. Influence of age on bone strength in rats.- 24. Holographic study of the stresses in the normal pelvis with particular reference to the movement of the sacrum.- 25. In vivo intracortical loading histories calculated from bone strain telemetry.- 26. Fracture mechanics of cortical bone.- 27. A composite model of cortical bone for the prediction of crack propagation.- 28. Structural and biomechanical analysis of osteonic compact bone: a new method.- 29. The influence of immobilization on the mechanical and morphological properties of bone.- V. Orthopaedic Implants and Fracture Fixation.- 30. The mechanical performance of solid and porous bone cement.- 31. Stress analysis in ceramic hip-joints heads of various shape and fitting.- 32. Dimensions of the femoral condyles.- 33. Micromovement of the tibial component in successful knee arthroplasty, studied by roentgen stereophotogrammetry.- 34. Stress analysis in artificial knee joints with fixed and movable axis using the finite element method.- 35. Quasi two-dimensional finite element analyses and experimental investigation of the tibial part of knee endo-prostheses with intramedullary stems.- 36. Stress distributions in fractures generated by bone plates.- 37. Biomechanical and mathematical investigations concerning stress protection of bone beneath internal fixation plates.- 38. Dynamic fracture loading during gait in a cast-brace: a clinical and biomechanical study.- VI. Cardio-Vascular Biomechanics.- 39. Wave structure in the aorta with initial axial tension.- 40. Nonlinear wave propagation in the aorta with initial loading.- 41. Transient haemorheology, application to cardiovascular diseases.- 42. Spectrum analysis of turbulence in the aorta.- 43. Cardiac wall mechanics and torsion of the left ventricle during ejection.- 44. Mechanical properties of collapsible tubes and propagation of large amplitude waves.- 45. Propagation and reflection characteristics of the human aorta.- VII. Miscellaneous Subjects.- 46. Tendon forces balancing a force on the fingertip.- 47. Roentgen stereophotogrammetry and metallic implants applied to patients with craniofacial anomalies.- 48. Biomechanical analysis of the deformation of the lower uterus during labour.- 49. The angular distribution function of the elastic fibres in the skin as estimated from in vivo measurements.- 50. Rheology of digital flexor tendons of the horse.- 51. Biomechanical and biomedical features of human sclera.- 52. Intraocular dynamics of the aphakic eye.- 53. Principle characteristics of the stress distributions in the jaw caused by dental implants.- 54. The mechanics of retraction components used in fixed appliance therapy.- 55. A mechanical investigation to the functioning of mouthguards.
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