Cell Membranes Methods and Reviews

Cell Membranes: Methods and Reviews is the continuation of a distinguished series of books edited by Edward Kom under the title Methods in Membrane Biology. While the original series nominally dealt with methods for the study of membranes, its chapters were, in fact, much broader and covered the conceptual framework upon which the methods were based as well as the methodology per se. In continuing this series, we changed the title to reflect this broader point of view. We hope to present a series of volumes published at roughly annual intervals containing comprehensive reviews dealing with various aspects of membrane biochemistry. We will on occasion also include short chapters that deal exclusively with new methods and their applications. The biology of membranes as we view it is very broad and we hope therefore not only to include work that is directly related to molecules present in membranes but also to treat molecules that interact with membrane compo­ nents. In each of the volumes we hope to have one or two areas of concen­ tration and to include chapters that collectively present a balanced and com­ prehensive review of those particular fields. In this first volume, we have concentrated on transport of solutes across the membrane. We are grateful to the authors, who have provided us with excellent and comprehensive chapters in these areas in a timely fashion.

1 Sugar—Cation Cotransport Systems in Bacteria.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Lactose Transport in Escherichia coli.- 2.1. Early Studies.- 2.2. Methods for Study of Transport.- 2.3. Substrates for Transport.- 2.4. Lactose—H+ Cotransport.- 2.5. Chemical Identification of the Lactose Carrier.- 2.6. Amplification of the Lactose Carrier Protein.- 2.7. DNA Sequence.- 2.8. Is there Processing of the Lactose Carrier?.- 2.9. The SH Groups of the Carrier Protein.- 2.10. Solubilization and Reconstitution of the Lactose Carrier.- 2.11. Purification of the Carrier in an Active Form.- 2.12. Kinetics.- 2.13. Effect of $$\Delta {\bar \mu _{{H^ + }}}$$ on the Structure of the Carrier.- 2.14. Mutants of the Lactose Carrier.- 2.15. Other Mutants Affecting Lactose Transport.- 3. Galactose Transport (Ga1P).- 3.1. E. coli.- 3.2. Streptococcus lactis.- 4. l-Arabinose Transport.- 5. d-Xylose Transport.- 6. Melibiose Transport.- 6.1. Substrate and Inducer Specificities.- 6.2. Cation Requirements.- 6.3. Reconstitution of the Melibiose Carrier.- 6.4. Mutants.- 7. Summary.- References.- 2 The Structure and Function of Band 3.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Purification and Reconstitution.- 3. Structure of Band 3.- 3.1. The Cytoplasmic Domain.- 3.2. The Membrane-Bound Domain.- 3.3. Transport Site Structure.- 3.4. Quaternary Structure of Band 3.- 3.5. Posttranslational Modifications of Band 3.- 4. Functions of Band 3.- 4.1. Functions of the Cytoplasmic Domain.- 4.2. Functions of the Membrane-Bound Domain.- 5. Biosynthesis of Band 3.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 3 Biosynthesis and Assembly of Mitochondrial Proteins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Post- vs. Cotranslational Transport.- 3. Precursor Forms of Mitochondrial Proteins.- 4. Evidence for the Existence of Specific Receptors.- 5. Transfer of Many Proteins Requires a Membrane Potential.- 6. Proteolytic Processing Enzymes.- 7. Different Organisms Have Closely Related Transfer Machineries.- 8. Functional Assembly of Mitochondrial Enzyme Complexes.- 9. Possible Assembly Pathways.- References.- 4 Polypeptide-Hormone-Induced Receptor Clustering and Internalization.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Polypeptide Hormones, Growth Factors, and Other Serum Proteins.- 3. The Clustering and Internalization of EGF Receptors.- 3.1. The Dynamic Properties of EGF Receptors on Human Tumor Cells (A-431).- 3.2. Monoclonal Antibodies against the EGF Receptor: A Powerful Tool for the Purification of the EGF Receptor and for the Investigation of Its Mode of Action.- References.- 5 The Voltage-Sensitive Sodium Channel.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Neurotoxins as Probes of Sodium Channel Structure and Function.- 2.1. Inhibitory Toxins Acting at Neurotoxin Receptor Site 1.- 2.2. Lipid-Soluble Toxins Acting at Neurotoxin Receptor Site 2.- 2.3. Polypeptide Toxins Acting at Neurotoxin Receptor Site 3.- 3. Molecular Properties of Sodium Channels Inferred from Functional Studies.- 3.1. Ion Transport and the Ion Selectivity Filter.- 3.2. An Essential Carboxyl Group at the Tetrodotoxin/Saxitoxin Receptor Site.- 3.3. Evidence for a Voltage-Dependent Conformational Change Associated with Sodium Channel Activation.- 3.4. Protein Components Involved in Sodium Channel Inactivation.- 3.5. Allosteric Interactions among Functionally Distinct Sodium Channel Components.- 4. Identification and Purification of Protein Components of Sodium Channels.- 4.1. Identification of Protein Components of the Sodium Channel by Photoaffinity Labeling.- 4.2. Solubilization and Size Characteristics of the Saxitoxin/Tetrodotoxin Receptor of the Sodium Channel.- 4.3. Purification of the Solubilized Saxitoxin Receptor of the Sodium Channel.- 4.4. The Sodium Channel as a Glycoprotein.- 4.5. Progress toward Reconstitution of Sodium Channel Function from Purified Components.- References.