Ceramic Microstructures '86

The Proceedings of the International Materials Symposium on Ceramic Microstructures '86: Role of Interfaces presents a comprehensive coverage of the past decade's advances in ceramic science and technology related to microstructures. The term microstructure is used in the broad sense and is synonymous with char~cter. Character is defined as a complete detailed description of chemical and physical characteristics of a material. This symposium is the third in a series, held every ten years, on ceramic microstructures. The first symposium, in 1966, had as a subtitle "Their Analysis, Significance and Production" and emphasized the need and importance of characterization in order to fully understand the chemical and physical properties of materials. The second Symposium, in 1976, placed emphasis on the exploration of characters most suited and needed for "Energy-Related Applications." By the time of that conference, the sequence of processing--characterization--properties was fully accepted. It was recognized that characterization was the basis of materials science; the objective of processing was to produce a desired character that was considered necessary to realize a given property or behavior. To further emphasize the importance of character, the symposium dealt primarily with the property/character coupling.

Progress in the Understanding of Ceramic Microstructures and Interfaces since 1976.- Ceramic Microstructures: The Art of the Possible.- Designing Material Structures.- Purposive Design of Nanocomposites: Entire Class of New Materials.- Design of High Thermal Expansion Glass-Ceramics Through Micros truetura1 Control.- Microdesigning of Ceramic-Metal Composites.- Characterization of Microstructures.- Grain Boundaries and Interfaces: Some Applications of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis.- Quantitative Characterization of Microstructural Geometry of Interfaces.- Gas Transport as a Tool for Structural Characterization of Inter facial Phases.- Unit Cell Distortion of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 by Pb(Co,Nb)O3.- Electron Microscopy Studies of BaTiO3~NaNbO3 Ceramics.- Analytical Electron Microscopy of the Glassy Phase in Mullite/Zirconia Composites.- Microstructure Characterization of Basalt Glass-Ceramics.- Interfacial Reaction Between Bioactive Glass and Synthetic Physiological Solution.- Oxidation and Microstructure of Sintered Silicon Nitride.- Origin of Cracking Phenomena Observed in Decomposition Reactions.- Characterization of Interfaces.- Oxide Interfaces: Theory of Oxide-Oxide and Oxide-Metal Interfaces.- Green Function Method for Calculation of Atomistic Structure of Grain Boundary Interfaces in Ionic Crystals.- Comparison of the Energies of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Grain Boundaries.- The Structure of a Natural Grain Boundary in a Magnetite Bicrystal Studied by XRD Technique.- Interface Morphology in Ceramics.- HREM Study of a Tetragonal ? Monoclinic Martensitic Interface in a Y2O3-Stabilized ZrO2 Alloy.- Control of the Tetragonal to Monoclinic Phase Transformation of Yttria-doped Tetragonal ZrO2 Polycrystals by Annealing in Water.- Grain Boundary Energy of Twisted MgO Bicrystals on (100).- T.E.M. Statistical Characterization of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline NiO Scales Obtained by High Temperature Oxidation of Nickel.- Structure of High-Angle Grain Boundaries in NiO.- High-Angle Grain Boundaries in Sheet Silicates (Biotite/Chlorite): A TEM Study.- HRTEM Analysis of Ordered Grain Boundaries in High Purity Alpha-SiC.- Atomic Structure of Interfaces in Sialon Ceramics.- Characterization of Impurity Segregations.- Atomistic Lattice Simulations of the Structure, Energetics and Impurity Segregation Behaviour of Ceramic Boundaries.- Distribution and Influence of Minor Constituents on Ceramic Formulations.- Characterization of Interphase Interfaces.- Diffusion Bonding of Metal/Ceramic Interfaces—A Model Study at the Nb/Al2O3Interfaces.- Ceramic-Metal Reactions and Their Effect on the Interface Microstructure.- The Influence of Surface Roughness on Interface Formation in Metal/Ceramic Diffusion Bonds.- A Reappraisal of Wetting in the System AI-AI2O3 from 750–1000°C.- Microstructural Characterization of Ni/Al203 Diffusion Bonds.- Bonding Ceramic-Metal Interfaces and Joints.- Copper-Glass-Ceramic Interfaces and Composites: Reactions, Microchemistry, and Electrical Properties.- The Study of Microstructures for Pt-Silicide Interfaces after Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation by XRD, SEM, XPS, and RBS.- High Resolution Electron Microscopy of Silicon Nitride-Metal Bonded Interfaces.- Interfacial Chemistry and Bonding in Fiber Reinforced Glass and Glass-Ceramic Matrix Composites.- Effects of Interfacial Diffusion Barriers on Thermal Stability of Ceramic Fibers.- Solid State Bonding of Alumina and Steel by HIPING.- Thermochemical Analyses of Interface Reactions in Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Glass Matrix Composites.- Interfaces in Heterogeneous Dissolution of Oxides in Molten Ca-Al-Silicates.- Microstructure Development.- Powders, Interfaces, and Processing: Alumina as a Case Study.- The Role of Powder Packing in Sintering.- Effect of Pores on Microstructure Development.- Microstructure Development of Hydrothermal Powders and Ceramics.- The Colloidal Chemistry of Growing Silica Spheres.- Effects of Vapor Transport on Microstructure Development.- Controlling Grain Growth.- The Effects of Grain Growth on the Intergranular Porosity Distributions in Hot-Pressed and Swelled UO2.- Effects of Solutes on the Grain Boundary Mobility of TiO2.- Microstructural Development in Hot Pressed CaO: Density Decrease and Pore Growth During Post Sintering.- Diffusion Induced Interface Migration in Ceramics.- Grain Boundary Diffusion Artefacts in Polycrystalline Nickel Oxide Grown by High Temperature Oxidation.- Variations in Grain Growth of Donor-Doped SrTiO3 with Cation Nonstoichiometry.- The Wetting and Dewetting of Grain Boundaries.- Anion Controlled Microstructures in the Al2O3-AIN System.- Sintering.- Sintering Theory for Crystalline Solids.- Selected Sintering Conditions for SiC and Si3N4 Ceramics.- Colloidal Consolidation and Sintering Behavior of CVD-Processed Mullite Powders.- Sintering of Acicular NiZn-Ferrite Powder.- Continuous SiC Fiber/Glass Composites.- Electrical Properties.- Electrical Conductivity in Ceramics: A Review.- The Crystallographical and Chemical Relationship between Intergranular and Bulk Resistivity in Semi-Conductor Oxides.- Interface Effects in Zinc Oxide Varistors.- The Role of Inter facial Microstructure in ZnO Varistor Materials.- Electrical Properties and Microstructure of ZnO-Nb2O5~MnO Ceramics Sintered in the Liquid Phase.- New Composite PTC Materials Based on PbTiO3-TiO2.- Effects of Microstructure Control on Ferroelectric Ceramics.- Effect of Deviations from Stoichiometry on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ferrites.- Optical Effects of Grain Boundaries in PLZT Ceramics.- Microstructures of High Dielectric Constant Materials.- Interfaces Generated by Electronic Device Development in Beta SiC Thin Films.- Electrical Barriers at Grain Boundaries in Silicon Carbide Materials with BeO Addition.- Microstructural Analysis of Silicon Carbide Materials with BeO Addition.- Mechanical Properties and Behavior.- The New Generation of High Toughness Ceramics.- Influence of Microstructure on Creep Rupture.- Mechanisms of Dynamic Failure in Debased Alumina.- Some Interfacial Related Properties of Transformation Toughened Ceramics.- Precipitation in a (Mg) Partially Stabilized Zirconia during Aging at 1000°C.- High Temperature Mechanical Properties of ZrO2-Based Ceramics.- Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Al2TiO5-Mullite-ZrO2 Composite Obtained by Reaction Sintering.- Interfaces in Ceramic Fiber Composites.- Delamination Toughening from Interfacial Cracking in Ceramics and Ceramic Composites.- Development of Structure in Silicon Nitride Grain Boundaries.- The Impact of Compositional Variations and Processing Conditions on Secondary Phase Characteristics in Sintered Silicon Nitride Materials.- Structure and Chemistry of Interfaces in Silicon Carbide-Containing Materials.- Interfaces in Alumina-SiC Whisker Composites.- Creep Performance of Silicon Carbide Whisker-Reinforced Alumina.- Temperature-Dependent Toughening in Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics.- Effect of High Temperature Oxidation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics.- The Role of Interfacial Reactions on the Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Brazements.- Fracture Energies of Ceramic-Metal Interfaces.- On the Fracture Behavior and Microstructure of Metal-to-Ceramic Joints.