Cerebral Cortex | Models of Cortical Circuits

Philip S Ulinski

ISBN 10: 1461372232 / ISBN 13: 9781461372233

Editore: Springer Us, 2012

Cerebral Cortex | Models of Cortical Circuits | Philip S Ulinski | Taschenbuch | Einband - flex.(Paperback) | Englisch | 2012 | Springer Us | EAN 9781461372233 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Springer Heidelberg, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, buchhandel-buch[at]springer[dot]com | Anbieter: preigu. Codice articolo 105652193

Riassunto:

long-termplasticityandwithapproachestolearningandmemorybasedonmodifica­ tionofHebbiansynapsesarenotconsidered. Relativelyabstractattemptstounder­ standhigherlevelandcognitiveprocessesbasedonneuralnetsrepresentasecond, majorareaofworkthatisnottreated. Modelsofcognitiveprocessesbasedon dynamicalsystemsmethodsinwhichnoattemptismadetoincludethebiophysical featuresofindividualneuronsarealsonotconsidered. vii viii Thetenmajorchaptersfallintothreegroups. Thefirstgroupdealswith compartmentalmodelsofindividualcorticalneurons. LyleBorg-Grahamprovides PREFACE anintroductiontothemethodsinvolvedinconstructingcompartmentalmodels andthenreviewstheexistingmodelsofhippocampalpyramidalcells. Becauseof theeffectivenessofhippocampalslicepreparations,theseneuronshavewell-ehar­ acterizedbiophysicalproperties. Thischapterillustrateshowcompartmentalmod­ elscanbeusedtosynthesizeexperimentaldataandprovideanintegrativeviewof thepropertiesofindividualneurons. PaulRhodescontinuesthethemebyfocusing ontheroleofvoltage-gatedchannelslocatedonthedendritesofcorticalneurons. Thisisanareainwhichtechnologicaladvancesinthevisualizationofneuronsin slicepreparationsbasedoninfraredmicroscopyhavegreatlyexpandedtheinfor­ mationavailableondendriticfunctioninjustafewyears. Thechapterbothreviews theexperimentaldataonactivedendriticconductancesandemphasizestheirpo­ tentialfunctionalroles. Thesecondgroupofchaptersdealwiththegenerationofreceptivefield propertiesofneuronswithinvisualcortex. Theyaddressissuesstemmingfromthe originalattempttounderstandhowthereceptivefieldpropertiesofneuronsincat andmonkeyprimaryvisualcortexaregeneratedbyinteractionsbetweengenicu­ lateafferentsandcorticalneurons. ThechapterbyFlorentinWorgotterevaluates modelsthathavebeenusedtoanalyzethegenerationofreceptivefieldproperties. RodneyDouglasandhiscolleaguesaddressaspecificsetofissuesdealingwiththe roleofintracorticalexcitationmediatedbypyramidalcellcollaterals. Animportant featureofthischapterisitsrelationtoattempttoconstructfabricatedcircuitsthat duplicatethefunctionsofcorticalcircuits. ThechapterbyPhilipUlinskifocuseson thegenerationofmotion-selectivepropertiesincorticalneurons. Itseekstoidenti­ tycellularmechanismsusedbyneuronsthatrespondpreferentiallytovisualstimuli movingwithparticularspeedsordirections. MatteoCarandiniandhiscolleagues discussthefeatureofcorticalneurons,knownasgaincontrol,thatallowsneurons torespondeffectivelytovisualstimulibypoolinginformationacrosspopulationsof corticalneurons. ThechapterbyHughWilsondealswiththereceptivefieldproper­ tiesofextrastriateareasandintroducesnewworkanalyzingface-selectiveneurons. Thefinalsetofchaptersconsidermodelsofensemblesofthalamicandcortical neurons. ThechapterbyWilliamLyttonandElizabethThomasusesthetheoryof dynamicalsystemstoanalyzethetemporalrelationshipsbetweenthalamicand corticalneurons. Animportantfeatureoftheinteractionbetweenthalamusand cortexisthepresenceofoscillationsthatdependinpartuponthevoltage-gated conductancespresentonindividualneuronsandinpartonthestructureofthe overallnetwork. PaulBushcontinuesthisemphasisonoscillationsbydiscussinga modelthatdealswiththegenerationofsynchronizedoscillationsinvisualcortex. Oscillationsofthiskindhaveattractedsubstantialattentioninrecentyearsbecause oftheirpotentialroleincognitiveprocesses. Thelastchapter,byMichaelHasselmo andChristianeLinster,reviewstheirworkonmodelingpiriformcortex,emphasiz­ ingtheroleofcholinergicmechanismsinmodulatingtheactivityofcorticalneu­ rons. Anattempthasbeenmadethroughouttomakethevolumeaccessibleto readerswithminimalmathematicalbackgrounds. Thevolumethusbeginswitha shorthistoryofmodelsofcorticalneuronsandcircuitrythatintroducestheprinci­ palmodelingstyles. ThechaptersbyWorgotterandUlinskicontainmoreextensive ix introductionstosomeofthemodelingmethodsthathavebeenusedtostudyvisual cortex,andthemathematicallychallengedreaderwillfindthatthechapterby PREFACE LyttonandThomascontainsareadableintroductiontotheuseofdynamical systemstheoryinneurobiology. PhilipS. Ulinski EdwardG. Jo

Contenuti: 1. Modeling Cortical Circuitry: A History and Prospectus; P.S. Ulinski. 2. Interpretations of Data and Mechanisms for Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell Models; L.J. Borg-Graham. 3. Functional Implications of Active Currents in the Dendrites of Pyramidal Neurons; P.A. Rhodes. 4. Comparing Different Modeling Approaches of Visual Cortical Cell Characteristics; F. Wörgötter. 5. The Role of Recurrent Excitation in Neocortical Circuits; R. Douglas, et al. 6. Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Analysis of Moving Visual Stimuli; P.S. Ulinski. 7. Linearity and Gain Control in V1 Simple Cells; M. Carandini et al. 8. Non-Fourier Cortical Processes in Texture, Form, and Motion Perception; H.R. Wilson. 9. Modeling Thalamocortical Oscillations; W.W. Lytton, E. thomas. 10. Realistic Network Models of Synchronized Oscillations in Visual Cortex; P. Bush. 11. Modeling the Piriform Cortex; M.E. Hasselmo, C. Linster.

Dati bibliografici

Titolo: Cerebral Cortex | Models of Cortical Circuits
Casa editrice: Springer Us
Data di pubblicazione: 2012
Legatura: Taschenbuch
Condizione: Neu