Chemotherapy : Volume 1 Clinical Aspects of Infections

The International Society of Chemotherapy meets every two years to review progress in chemotherapy of infections and of malignant disease. Each meeting gets larger to encompass the extension of chemotherapy into new areas. In some instances, expansion has been rapid, for example in cephalosporins, pen­ icillins and combination chemotherapy of cancer - in others slow, as in the field of parasitology. New problems of resistance and untoward effects arise; reduction of host toxicity without loss of antitumour activity by new substances occupies wide attention. The improved results with cancer chemotherapy, es­ pecially in leukaemias, are leading to a greater prevalence of severe infection in patients so treated, pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal and diseased subjects is receiving increasing attention along with related problems of bioavailability and interactions between drugs. Meanwhile the attack on some of the major bacterial infections, such as gonorrhoea and tubercu­ losis, which were among the first infections to feel the impact of chemotherapy, still continue to be major world problems and are now under attack with new agents and new methods. From this wide field and the 1,000 papers read at the Congress we have produced Proceedings which reflect the variety and vigour of research in this important field of medicine. It was not possible to include all of the papers presented at the Congress but we have attempted to include most aspects of cur­ rent progress in chemotherapy.

Welcome Address.- Opening of the Congress.- Reflections on Research in Chemotherapy.- The Prophylactic Use of Antimicrobial Agents in the Surgery of the Intestine.- Prophylaxis with Antibiotics in Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Surgical Interventions.- Antibiotic Prophylaxis - Yes or No? - Endocarditis.- Chemoprophylaxis of Meningococcal Meningitis.- Treatment of Acute and Life-Threatening Infections.- Recent Trends in the Epidemiology of Acute Meningitis.- The Current Status of Osteomyelitis.- Management of Bacterial Infections in Cancer Patients.- Infection in Adults with Acute Leukaemia.- Therapy of Infections in Acute Leukaemia.- Infection Prevention in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Oral Non-Absorbed Antibiotic Prophylaxis.- Treatment of Neutropenia with Granulocyte Transfusions.- Bacterial Flora Isolated During Infectious Complications in Patients with Neoplasia.- Antibiotic Management of Septic Complications in Patients with Hyeloid Insufficiency.- Parenteral Tobramycin and Cephalothin in the Treatment of Suspected Sepsis in Neutropenic Children.- Experience with Tobramycin and Cephalothin Sodium in Infected Patients with Acute Leukaemia (AL).- Experience with Gentamicin and Clindamycin in the Management of Febrile Patients with Blood Dyscrasias.- Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Staphylococcal Septicemias in Orthopaedic Patients.- The Recent Trend of Clinical Gram-Negative Bacillary Isolation in Japan.- Clinical Study of Gram-Negative Rods (GNR) Septicemia at Keio University Hospital.- Clinical and Chemotherapeutic Studies of Pseudomonas Infections in Infants and Children.- Polymyxin Methylene Sulfonic Acid (Aremyxin) in the Treatment of Infections with Gram-Negative Organisms.- Studies on Endotoxin Shock.- Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Determination: A New Parameter for the Diagnosis of Acute and Partially Treated Meningitis.- Monitoring of Blood Culture Comparing Intensive Care Patients With and Without Antibiotic Prophylaxis.- Gentamicin in Alloarthroplastic Operations: Clinical and Experimental Results.- Lincomycin Bone Concentrations During Total Hip Replacement.- Cephradine Bone Concentrations During Total Hip Replacement.- Thiamphenicol Levels in Human Bile in the Presence of Biliary Tract Disease.- Bacteria in Bile and Their Role in Postoperative Inflammatory Complications in Biliary Disease.- Carindacillin in Urinary Infections of Obstetrical Concern.- The Activity of Eight Antimicrobial Compounds, Including Three Nitroimidazole Compounds, Against Bacteroides sp..- Activity of Five Nitrofurans Against Non-sporing Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacilli.- The Susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis to Spectinomycin.- Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol in Infections by Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli.- The Effect of Antimicrobial Agents on Anaerobes in Fecal Flora.- Incidence and Significance of Anaerobes in the Abdomen.- Metronidazole in the Treatment of Anaerobic Infection in Man.- The Use of Prophylactic Cephalothin in Women Undergoing Emergency Cesarean Section.- Clindamycin Prophylaxis in Appendicectomy Wound Infections.- Prophylactic Use of Bactrim in Surgical Gynaecology: A Comparative Study.- Carbenicillin Therapy for Anaerobic Infections.- A Comparison of Clindamycin or Chloramphenicol in Obstetric-Gynecologic Infections.- Treatment of Anaerobic Lung Infections: Carbenicillin Compared to Clindaymcin and Gentamicin.- The Action of Erythromycin and Penicillin on the Bacterial Flora in Tonsil Tissue.- Sinusitis in Paediatrics.- Sulfametopyrazine (SMP) in the Chemoprophylaxis of Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis.- Chemotherapy of Chronic Bronchitis in Children.- Pharmacological and Clinical Studies with Cephacetrile as a Treatment for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.- The Activity of Minocycline Against Tetracycline Resistant Pathogens in the Respiratory Tract.- Amoxicillin in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases in Children.- The Antimicrobial Sensitivities of Urinary Pathogens, 1971–1974.- A Clinical Method of Assessing the Effect of Chemotherapy in Exacerbated Chronic Pyelonephritis.- Geographical Variation in Urinary Infections in General Practice: A Combined Study in Holland and England.- Sulfametopyrazine as Treatment for Bacteriuria in Pregnancy, and Effects on Bowel Flora.- A Comparative Study of Ticarcillin and Gentamicin in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections.- Studies on Antituberculosis Activity of Amikacin.- In Vitro, Pharmacological, and Clinical Studies with Amikacin.- Clinical Study of BBK8 on Gentamicin (GM) Resistant Gram-Negative Rods (GNR).- A Clinical Study of Amikacin — A New Aminoglycoside Antibiotic.- Treatment of Severe Infections with Amikacin.- Clinical Study of Amikacin (BB-K8) in Urinary Tract Infections by Double-Blind Method.- List of Contributors.