Clinical Disorders of Membrane Transport Processes

Clinical Disorders of Membrane Transport Processes is a softcover book containing a portion of Physiology of Membrane Disorders (Second Edition). The parent volume contains six major sections that deal with general aspects of the physiology of transport processes and specific aspects of transport processes in cells and in organized cellular systems, namely epithelia. This text contains the last section, which deals with the application of the physiology of transport processes to the understanding of clinical disorders. We hope that this smaller volume will be helpful to individuals particularly interested in clinical derangements of membrane transport processes. THOMAS E. ANDREOLI JOSEPH F. HOFFMAN DARRELL D. FANESTIL STANLEY G. SCHULTZ Vll Preface to the Second Edition The second edition of Physiology of Membrane Disorders represents an extensive revision and a considerable expansion of the fIrst edition. Yet the purpose of the second edition is identical to that of its predecessor, namely, to provide a rational analysis of membrane transport processes in individual membranes, cells, tissues, and organs, which in tum serves as a frame of reference for rationalizing disorders in which derangements of membrane transport processes playa cardinal role in the clinical expression of disease. As in the fIrst edition, this book is divided into a number of individual, but closely related, sections. Part V represents a new section where the problem of transport across epithelia is treated in some detail. Finally, Part VI, which analyzes clinical derangements, has been enlarged appreciably.

1: The Cellular Basis of Ischemic Acute Renal Failure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ischemic Injury.- 3. Summary.- References.- 2: Genetic Variants Affecting the Structure and Function of the Human Red Cell Membrane.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intrinsic Membrane Abnormalities.- 3. Hemoglobinopathies.- 4. Endocrine Disorders.- 5. Manic-Depressive Disease.- 6. Essential Hypertension.- 7. Inherited Neuromuscular Disorders.- 8. Adenosine Deaminase Variants.- References.- 3: Inherited Membrane Disorders of Muscle: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy.- I. Introduction.- 2. Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy.- 3. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.- 4. Summary.- References.- 4: Disorders of Muscle: The Periodic Paralyses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Features.- 3. Pathophysiology of the Periodic Paralysis.- 4. Therapy and Its Rationale.- 5. Summary.- References.- 5: Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Abnormalities of Impulse Propagation.- 3. Interactions between Abnormal Impulse Formation and Propagation.- 4. Electrophysiological Mechanisms Responsible for Clinically Occurring Arrhythmias.- 5. Summary.- References.- 6: Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Gastric vs. Duodenal Ulcer.- 3. Acid-Pepsin Secretion.- 4. Mucosal Resistance.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 7: Malabsorption Syndromes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Lipid Digestion and Absorption.- 3. Normal Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids.- 4. Carbohydrate and Protein Digestion and Absorption.- 5. Tests of Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Function.- 6. Diseases Affecting Normal Digestion or Absorption.- 7. Summary.- References.- 8: Pathophysiology of Calcium Absorptive Disorders.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption.- 3. Sites of Calcium Absorption.- 4. Mechanism of Calcium Absorption.- 5. The Role of Vitamin D.- 6. Clinical Disorders Associated with Alterations in Calcium Absorption.- 7. Increased Absorption of Calcium.- 8. Malabsorption of Calcium.- 9. Drug-Induced Inhibition of Calcium Absorption.- 10. Nutritional Factors.- References.- 9: Cystic Fibrosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Features.- 3. Prognosis.- 4. Genetics.- 5. Pathogenesis.- 6. Animal Models.- 7. Commentary.- 8. Summary.- References.- 10: Disorders of Glomerular Filtration.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some General Truths.- 3. Some General Observations on the Mechanism of Change in GFR in the Physiologic Setting.- 4. Potential Interactions among the Determinants of Glomerular Ultrafiltration.- 5. The Influence of Humoral and Hormonal Substances upon Glomerular Ultrafiltration.- 6. Angiotensin II.- 7. The Adrenergic Nervous System.- 8. ADH, cAMP.- 9. Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Kinins.- 10. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Ca2+.- 11. Papaverine, Acetylcholine, Histamine, Methylprednisolone.- 12. The Final Common Pathway Viewpoint.- 13. Glomerular Ultrafiltration in Altered Physiologic States.- 14. Influences of Tubuloglomerular Feedback System on the Process of Glomerular Filtration.- 15. Pathophysiologic Conditions.- 16. Glomerular Immune Injury.- 17. Glomerular Effects of Systemic Hypertension.- 18. Isolated Glomeruli in Vitro.- 19. Causes of Progressive Reduction in GFR.- 20. Summary.- References.- 11: The Hypertonic and Hypotonic Syndromes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Antidiuretic Hormone.- 3. Thirst.- 4. The Hypertonic Syndromes.- 5. The Hypotonic Syndromes.- 6. Summary.- References.- 12: Disorders of Proton Secretion by the Kidney.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Proton Transport across Urinary Epithelia.- 3. Functional Organization of H+ Secretion in the Kidney.- 4. The Renal Acidoses.- 5. Reduced Nephron Population.- 6. Renal Hypoperfusion.- 7. Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 8. Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 9. Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 10. Impaired Excretion of Net Acid and Potassium (Normal pH Gradient Formation).- 11. Clinical Aspects of Renal Tubular Acidosis and Associated Disorders of Electrolyte Transport.- 12. Summary.- References.- 13: Cystinosis and the Fanconi Syndrome.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Resume.- 3. Clinical and Pathological Features.- 4. Chemistry and Metabolism of Cystine.- 5. Other Causes of the Fanconi Syndrome.- 6. Treatment.- 7. Summary.- References.- 14: Renal Tubular Defects in Phosphate and Amino Acid Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Defects in Phosphate Transport Processes.- 3. Aminoacidurias.- 4. Summary.- References.- 15: Pulmonary Edema.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Starling Force Analysis.- 3. Safety Factors Associated with Hydrostatic Edemas.- 4. Safety Factors Associated with Noncardiac Edema.- 5. Mechanism of Intraalveolar Edema Formation.- 6. Summary.- References.