Close Binary Stars: Observations and Interpretation

Symposium No. 88 of the International Astronomical Union was devoted to a comprehensive review of all types of close.binary stars. The nine sessions were organized according to the type of the objects to be discussed. We have preserved this system, but assembled twelve papers of a more general character (reviews and surveys) into a special chapter placed at the beginning of this book. We would like to remind the reader that the Symposium was preceded by the IAU Colloquium No. 53 on White Dwarfs and Variable Degenerate Stars , and that the sessions on Cataclysmic Variables and related topics at the two meetings supplemented each other. The discussion in Toronto was carefully recorded by Mr. Robert Gauthier. We also wish to thank Mr. Robert O'Daniel, Ms. Joan Kaufmann, and Ms. Linda Reimers for assisting us with the editorial work. M. J. Plavec D. M. Popper R. K. Ulrich ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The International Astronomical Union and the University of Toronto contributed substantial funds enabling a number of participants to receive travel grants. The Symposium was sponsored by the following Commissions of the International Astronomical Union: 29 (Stellar Spectra), 30 (Radial Velocities), 35 (Stellar Structure), 42 (Close Binary Stars), and 44 (Astronomy from Space). Our special thanks go to the members of the Scientific Organizing Committee. The Symposium was attended by 170 participants from 26 countries.

I. General Reviews and Surveys.- Introductory Address.- The Formation of Close Binaries.- Statistical Investigation of Spectroscopic Binary Stars.- The Period Distribution of Close Binary Systems.- Rotation in Close Binaries.- Binarity as a Factor in Stellar Radio Emission.- Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Binary Systems.- Observations of Spectroscopic Binaries with a Solid-State Detector.- Hydrogen-Line Photometry of Close Binaries.- Polarimetry of Close Binary Systems: Observations and Interpretations.- The Effect of Orbital Eccentricity on Polarimetric Binary Diagnostics.- A New Method of Light Curve Analysis: Application to V 444 Cygni.- II. Detached Systems.- Determination of Absolute Dimensions of Main Sequence Binaries.- Observed Period Changes in Detached Binary Systems.- Surface Distribution of Chemical Anomalies of Ap Components in Detached Close Binaries.- III. Mass Transfer and Mass Loss — Theory.- Close Binaries Before and After Mass Exchange: A Comparison of Observations through Theoretical Computations.- Evolution of Intermediate Mass Close Binaries.- The Evolution of Massive Close Binary Systems: Estimates of the Parameters Governing Mass- and Angular Momentum Loss.- Mass Transfer between Binary Stars.- On the Onset of Contact in Early-Type Binaries.- Evolution of Early-Type Contact Binaries.- Formation of Luminous Contact Binaries by Rapid Accretion onto White Dwarfs.- Do Blue Stragglers Form by Common Envelope Evolution?.- The Evolution of Pre-Main Sequence Close Binaries.- Cataclysmic Variables, Hubble-Sandage Variables, and ? Carinae.- IV. Massive Binary Systems.- Anomalous Mass Ratios in 0 — Star Binaries.- Observational and Evolutionary Aspects of Wolf-Rayet Stars.- Observations of Wolf-Rayet Binaries.- Wolf-Rayet Binaries.- HD 192641 and HD 193077: Two Single, Hydrogen-Rich Wolf-Rayets?.- The Interpretation of Light Curves ?? 2460 – 35 000 A of the Eclipsing Wolf-Rayet Binary V 444 Cgyni.- Mass Flow Analysis of the Ultraviolet Spectrum of UW Canis Majoris.- The Be Star ? Persei.- V. Algol and Algols.- Spectroscopic Orbits of Algols: A Progress Report.- Mass Loss and Mass Transfer in Algols.- Accretion and Chemical Structure of Algols.- What Do We Know About Algol?.- Abundance of Sodium in the Atmospheres of Algol A and B.- Rotation of the Primary Component of Algol.- H? Emission Line Profiles in the Spectrum of Algol.- On the Location of Radio and X-Ray Emission in the Algol System.- Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of RW Tauri and X Persei.- IUE Ultraviolet Spectra of the Interacting Binary U Cephei.- Transient Disks and Mass Transfer in U Cephei.- Polarization Observations of U Cephei.- IUE Observations,of Long Period Eclipsing Binaries: A Study of Accretion onto Non-Degenerate Stars.- On the Existence of Double-Contact Binaries.- Structure of the Gaseous Disk in RX Cas.- IUE Observations of the Peculiar Binary Systems ? Lyrae and ? Sagittarii.- H? Observations of Algol-Type Interacting Binary Systems.- Ultraviolet Observations of Close Binary Stars.- Narrow Band Photometry and Observable Effects in Algol-Type Systems.- On the Location of Gas Streams in Algol Systems.- VI. X-Ray Binaries.- X-Ray Binary Systems.- Non-Conservative Mass Exchange and Origin of X-Ray Close Binaries.- Thermonuclear Burning in the Envelope of an Accreting Neutron Star.- Are Most of X-Ray Binaries Recurrent Transients?.- A Critique of the Polarimetric Evidence on the Nature of CBS.- Radio Flares in the Circinus X-1 System.- Optical and Ultraviolet Observations of HZ Herculis.- Re-Evaluation of the Orbital Elements of HDE 226868 = Cygnus X-1.- Optical Observations of X-Ray Sources in the LMC.- Variations in the Profiles of H? and He II 4686 A in Vela X-1.- Evidence for a 6 Year Periodicity in X Persei.- Periodical Variations in the Spectrum of X Persei. Discovery of a 22-Hour Period in the Variations of the Radial Velocities of H?.- SS 433 as a Magnetic X-Ray Binary.- VII. The RS Canum Venaticorum Stars.- Period Changes and Mass Loss Rates in 34 RS CVn-Type Binaries.- A Starspot Model for the RS CVn Stars.- The Coronae of RS CVn Systems.- Radio Flare Activity of RS CVn Stars.- Out-of-Eclipse Light Variation of RS CVn Stars.- Spectrophotometry of the Ha Region in HR 5110.- The Star Spot Model and the Observations of SZ Piscium.- Remarks on the Complicated Close Binary Systems RT Lacertae, CG Cygni, and RW Coronae Borealis.- Observational Evidence for Large-Scale Spot Activity on the Primary Component of XY Ursae Majoris.- VIII. Cataclysmic Variables and Polars.- The Nature of the Difference Between Novae, Dwarf Novae, and Novalikes.- Current Work on Cataclysmic Variables at Oxford and Cambridge.- Circumstellar Matter in Cataclysmic Binaries.- IUE Observations of WZ Sagittae in Outburst.- The Cyclotron Lines in the Optical Spectra of the Stars of AM Herculis Group: Observations and Interpretation.- Ultraviolet Observations of AM Herculis.- Upper Limits to the Luminosity of a dM Companion in AM Herculis Objects.- Observational Structure of Disk-like Envelope in the System DQ Her.- IX. Contact Binaries.- Theories of Contact Binary Stars.- Rotation Broadening and the Shapes of W Ursae Majoris Stars.- W UMa Stars and Angular Momentum Loss.- Energy Transfer by Circulation in W Ursae Majoris Systems.- Low Color Temperature Variations over the Common Envelope of W UMa and the Cause of Its W-Type Light Curve.- The Physical Status of VW Cephei.- Mass Loss frofn Contact Binary Systems and their Dynamical Evolution.- Solar Type Contact Binaries — The Initial Mass Ratio Distribution Function.- On Sudden Period Changes in Contact Binaries.- Current Observational Development in Early-Type Contact Binary Systems.- X. … and the Rest (Symbiotics, Supergiants, Planetaries, Population II Systems).- The Symbiotic Binary System AG Pegasi.- IUE Observations of Z Andromedae.- A Binary Model for the Symbiotic Star V 1329 Cygni.- The UV Spectrum of W Cep.- Ultraviolet Observations of 31 and 32 Cygni.- Close Binary Systems in Globular Clusters: A Preliminary Report.- A Search for Spectroscopic Binaries Among Planetary Nuclei.- The Formation of Planetary Nebulae with Close Binary Nuclei.- HD 137569, a Population II Remnant of Mass Exchange Evolution.- Concluding Remarks.- Postscript: Some Thoughts on Interacting Binary Systems.- Index of Stars and other objects.