Describes the genesis, pathology, clinical features, presentation, syndromes, clinical examination, investigation procedures, treatment, prophylaxis, and surgery of common vertebral joint problems.

Contenuti

1. Applied anatomy - regional

Upper Cervical Cervical Temporomandibular joint Cervicotheracic Thoracic spine and ribs Lumbar Pelvic joitns Surface anatomy

2. Applied anatomy - general

Articular cartilage Synovial joint lubrication Fibrous connective tissues Muscle Vertebral movement The lumbar mechanism Intervertebral foramen Biomechanics of spinal cord and meninges Venous drainage Autonomic nervous system Patterns of somatic nerve root supply

3. Aetiology in general terms

4. Incidence

General Segmental

5. Pathological changes - general

Synovial joitns Vertebral body joints Nerve root involvement Soft tissues Neoplasms

6. Pathological changes - combined regional

Upper cervical Cervical Cervicothoracic Thoracic Lumbar Sphincter disturbance Pelvis Serious pathology simulating musculoskeletal pain

7. Clinical features

Neurological changes Pain and tenderness Autonomic nervous system in vertebral pain syndromes Referred pain Abnormalities of feeling Changes in muscle and soft tissue Deformity Functional disablement Psychological aspects

8. Common patterns of clinical presentation

Arthrosis and spondylosis Upper cervical Temporomandibular joint Cervical Cervicothoracic Clavicular joints Thoracic and rib joints Lumbar spine and pelvis Pelvic arthropathy Drug-induced joint and muscle pains Neoplasms

9. Examination

Introduction History Observation Physical tests Special tests Palpation Regional examination procedures Temporomandibular joint Neck and forequarter Shoulder Shoulder girdle Thoracic region Back and hindquarter Sacroiliac joint Hip joint Passive physiological-movement tests Structural and neural interdependence

10. Investigation procedures

11. Principles of treatment

Aims Manipulation in general terms Passive movement - definitions Techniques 1. Massage 2. Maintenance movements 3. Mobilisation - regional, localised, limb girdles 4. Manipulation - regional, localised 5. Correction of listing 6. Stretching 7. Traction - manual and mechanical 8. Recording passive movement treatment: clinical method Manually assisted or manually resisted movements 1. Self-correction of listing 2.Post-isometric relaxation 3. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation Active Movements 1.Exercises for strength and mobility 2. Autrotraction 3. Soft-tissue stretching

12. Indications

13. Contraindications

14. Supports and appliances and adjunct physical treatments

15. Medication and alternative methods of pain relief

16. Prophylaxis

17. Invasive procedures

Minor Major

Index

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