Riassunto
This textbook describes the basics of research in medical, clinical and biomedical settings as well as the concepts and application of epidemiologic designs in research conduct. Design transcends statistical techniques, and no matter how sophisticated a statistical modeling, errors of design/sampling cannot be corrected. The authors of this textbook have presented a complex field in a very simplified and friendly manner, with the intent that such presentation will facilitate the understanding of design process and epidemiologic thinking in clinical and biomedical research. Research is presented as exercise around measurement, with measurement error inevitable in its conduct, and hence the inherent uncertainties of all findings in clinical and biomedical research. Concise Epidemiologic Principles and Concepts covers research conceptualization namely research objectives, questions, hypothesis, design, implementation, data collection, analysis, results, and interpretation. While the primary focus of epidemiology is to assess the relationship between exposure (risk or predisposing factor) and outcome (disease or health related events), causal association is presented in a simplified manner including the role of quantitative evidence synthesis (meta-analysis) in causal inference. Epidemiology has evolved during the past three decades resulting in several fields being developed. This text presents in brief the perspectives and future of epidemiology in the era of molecular basis of medicine. With molecular epidemiology, we are better equipped with tools to identify molecular biologic indicators of risk as well as biologic alterations in the early stages of disease.
L'autore
Laurens Holmes, Jr. Educated at the Catholic University of Rome, Italy, University of the Health Sciences, Antigua, School of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Medicine, and the University of Texas, Texas Medical Center, School of Public Health, Laurens (Larry) Holmes, Jr. is currently a clinical epidemiologist (Orthopedic Department), Head of the Epidemiology Laboratory at the Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, and Chief Methodologist at the Nemours/A.I.duPont Children Hospital, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion. He is also an adjunct professor of clinical trials and molecular epidemiology at the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. He is recognized for his work on epidemiology and control of prostate cancer, but has also published papers on other aspects of hormonally-related malignancies, cardiovascular and chronic disease epidemiology utilizing various statistical methods. Dr. Holmes is a strong proponent of reality in the statistical modeling of cancer and non-experimental research data, where he presents on the rationale for tabular analysis in most non-experimental research data which are often not randomly sampled, and hence meaningless to apply statistical inference to such data. Franklin Opara Dr. Opara completed his undergraduate from Texas Southern University, earned his master degree from George Washington University, then received his medical degree from UTESA- School of Medicine, Dominican Republic, and also obtained his doctorate degree from Walden University, Minnesota. Dr. Opara currently heads the Health Policy Research Division at the American Health Research Institute, and together with Dr. Holmes, he examines the role of race/ethnicity in geo-epidemiologic mapping of diseases. Within other positions, he has served as a Chief Consultant at Priority Women's Health Alliance specialized in clinical issues in women's healthcare. Dr. Opara i
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