Control of Breathing During Sleep and Anesthesia. Questo articolo non è disponibile.Control of Breathing During Sleep and Anesthesia

Contrary to the popular belief, "Le sommeil n'est plus milieu s(lr" (J. Cocteau, cf. Cl. Gaultier, Pathologie respiratoire du sommeil, La Presse Medicale, 16, 561-563, 1987), and anesthesia is even less safe. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Ondine's Curse and various respiratory complications of general anesthesia are not so rare; as a matter of fact they happen much too frequently. The idea of organizing another symposium dealing with breathing in sleep and anesthesia has been discussed almost immediately after we said "good bye" to the Organizers of the excellent Paris meeting "The Regulation of Respiration during Sleep and Anesthesia" (R.S. Fitzgerald, H. Gautier, S. Lahiri eds., Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 99, Plenum, New York 1978). Taking into account the impressive amount of data that have emerged during the last few years, we have decided that we shall meet and discuss them; we hoped also that the publication of the scientific material might be useful for everybody interested in the physiology and pathophysiology of breathing, anesthesia and sleep. So we met in Warsaw under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology and the Polish Academy of Sciences, we discussed vividly many fascinating papers presented by our Colleagues from Europe and America and Plenum Press has published the proceedings. I hope that the final result will satisfy the reader.

Opening Remarks.- Sleep as a Physiological Phenomenon.- Heavy Snorers Disease.- Hypoxia During Sleep.- The Upper Airway Muscles: Their Role in Sleep-Related Respiratory Dysrhythmias.- Effectiveness and Side-Effects of Nasal Continuous Positive Pressure Therapy in 66 Patients with Sleep Apnea.- The Influence of Obesity on Disordered Breathing in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome /OSAS/.- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders (COPD) and Sleep.- Polysomnographic Findings in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).- High and Fluctuating Muscle Nerve Sympathetic Activity in the Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pathogenetic Mechanism in the Development of Hypertension ?.- Cephalometry for Evaluation of Geometry of the Upper Airway.- The Clinical Relevance of Very Severe Pure Diaphragm Weakness.- Cardiac Involvement in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) — Case Report.- Respiratory Patterning and Arterial Oxygenation During Sleep in Laryngectomised Patients.- Vagal Reactivity During Sleep: Study of the Oculocardiac and the Hering-Breuer Reflex in Preterms.- Resumption of Ventilation at the End Sleep Apneas is not Determined Fatigue of Obstructive by Diaphramatic.- The Effect of Chronic Pulmonary Denervation on the Pattern of Breathing During Sleep in Man.- Conchoplasty in the Treatment of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.- The Effects of Alleno- and Tonsillectomy in Children withSleep Apnea Syndrome.- Surgery Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea — Present and Future.- Anesthesia and Central Nervous System.- Respiration and Anesthesia.- Control of Breathing by Neuropeptides.- Neurotransmission and Neuromodulation Involved in the Control of Respiration.- The Control of Breathing Movements in the Fetus.- Pathophysiology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.- Depression of Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Brain During Carbon Dioxide Narcosis, Anesthesia and Hypoxia: Glutamic Acid and Aspartic Acid.- Respiratory Actions of Cholecystokinin and its Interaction with Opioids at the Brainstem Level.- Influence of the Neurohormones: Human Corticotropin Releasing Factor (hCRF), Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) on Ventilation in Humans.- Tube Breathing under General Anesthesia.- Effects of Enflurane on the Ventilatory Response to Increased Carbon Dioxide and Metabolic Rate in Dogs.- Effects of Changes in Inspiration Volume and Flow Rate on Respiratory Activity.- Excitatory Effects of Electrical and Chemical Stimulation of the Bätzinger Complex on Expiratory Activity in the Cat.- Trigeminal Nerve, Breathing and Sleep Apnea.- Lateralized Response of the Hypoglossal, Facial and Phrenic Nerves to Lung Inflation.- Laryngeal Contribution to Respiratory Pattern in Anesthetized Rabbits.- Propriospinal Inspiratory Neurons in the Upper Cervical Spinal Cord of the Rabbit: Location and Efferent Spinal Projections.- Spectral Analysis of Breathing Pattern in Man During Exercise.- Disturbed Patency of the Upper Airway and Its Consequences.- The Vagus Nerve and the Control of Breathing During Postnatal Development.- Neural Mechanisms That Lead to Apnea.- Comparison of the Importance of Mechanisms Taking Part in Self-Regulation of Breathing.- Closing Remarks.- Participants.