Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere. Questo articolo non è disponibile.Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere

In every scientific discipline there are milestones - periods of significant accom­ plishment when it is appropriate to pause and summarize the state of the field. Such is the case for the study of the behavior of cosmic rays in the heliosphere. We are just passing through solar minimum conditions, when the heliosphere has a well-ordered and relatively simple configuration. We have been fortunate to have an array of spacecraft - unprecedented in the history of space exploration and unlikely to be repeated for generations - to provide comprehensive measurements of cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. Ulysses has completed its historic first exploration of the heliosphere at high heliographic latitudes. Pioneer and Voyager have been exploring the outer heliosphere. The durable IMP-8 and now the WIND spacecraft have provided detailed baseline measurements at Earth. Concurrently, there has been a steady improvement in theoretical understanding of cosmic ray behavior through the use of ever more sophisticated numerical models. This milestone in cosmic ray studies was celebrated with a Workshop on Cos­ mic Rays in the Heliosphere which was convened by L. A. Fisk, J. R. Jokipii.

Foreword. Introduction; L.A. Fisk, et al. Introductory Papers. Recurrent Solar Modulation of the Galactic Cosmic Rays and the Anomalous Nuclear Component in Three Dimensions of the Heliosphere; J.A. Simpson. Three-Dimensional Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays and Anomalous Components in the Inner Heliosphere; R.B. McKibben. Cosmic Ray Modulation in the Heliosphere - A Phenomenological Study; F.B. McDonald. Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Solar Modulation; A.C. Cummings, E.C. Stone. Cosmic Ray Electrons; P. Evenson. The Solar Wind - Inner Heliosphere; S.T. Suess, et al. Solar Wind Observations in the Outer Heliosphere; A.J. Lazarus, et al. Magnetic Fields in the Inner Heliosphere; A. Balogh. Voyager Observations of the Magnetic Field in the Distant Heliosphere; L. Burlaga, N. Ness. The Theory of Anomalous Cosmic Rays; J.R. Jokipii, J. Giacalone. Modeling of 3-D Corotating Cosmic-Ray Structures in the Heliosphere; J. Kóta, J.R. Jokipii. The Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere: Theory and Models; M.S. Potgieter. The Inner Heliosphere - Outer Heliosphere Comparison for Cosmic Ray Modulation; W.R. Webber, J.A. Lockwood. A Brief History of Recurrent Solar Modulation of the Galactic Cosmic Rays (1937-1990); J.A. Simpson. Global Processes That Determine Cosmic Ray Modulation - Report of Working Group 1; L.A. Fisk, et al. Corotating Particle Events - Report of Working Group 2; G.M. Simnett, et al. Anomalous Cosmic Rays - Report of Working Group 3; B. Klecker, et al. Transient Effects and Disturbed Conditions - Report of Working Group 4; G. Wibberenz, et al. Cosmic-Ray Transport Coefficients; J. Giacalone. Epilogue: Cosmic Rays in the Active Heliosphere; J.R. Jokipii, G. Wibberenz.List of Acronyms. Author Index. List of Participants.