Current Topics in Contact Dermatitis

In recent years the field of contact dermatitis has increased greatly in importance in dermatology. The variety of exogenous, environmental­ ly caused dermatoses has undoubtedly expanded over the past few de­ cades with the increasing number of potentially toxic chemicals, the changes in lifestyle, and the greater life expectancy in industrialized societies. The value of international cooperation in this field has long been realized and acted upon by the International Contact Dermatitis Re­ search Group (ICDRG). By 1975 the international journal Contact Dermatitis had been founded under the editorship of C. D. Calnan. Thanks largely to the ICDRG and Contact Dermatitis, there were, by 1986, enough additional dermatologists and scientists with a special interest in this area to form the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG). Within 2 years they had in­ stituted the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD) as an in­ ternational forum for researchers in the field. The EECDRG decided to hold a symposium in Heidelberg in May 1988, an initiative supported by the ICDRG, and on this occasion the new ESCD held its inaugural session. The Society already has over 200 members and most national contact dermatitis research groups in Europe are already represented; new members are of course welcome. Subgroups and working committees have been formed to address var­ ious topics including the standardization of patch testing, photoder­ matology, and bioengineering.

1 The Basics (Immunological Aspects).- Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Carrier Proteins for Nickel.- Allergic Contact Dermatitis: T-Cell Receptors and Migration.- Epidermal Mediators for Lymphocytes in Contact Eczema.- Evidence for the Existence of Prohapten-Activating Enzyme in the Skin: Induction of Contact Sensitivity to Monocrotaline in Mice.- 2 Morphological Aspects.- Light- and Electron-Microscopic Morphology of Contact Urticaria.- The Occurrence of Different Morphological Parameters in Allergic and Irritant Patch Test Reactions.- Preliminary Findings on the Patterns of Epidermal Damage Induced by Irritants in Man.- 3 Current Contact Allergens.- Contact Dermatitis 1988: Historical Reflections and Current Prolems in Patch-Testing.- Epidemiology of Contact Allergic Dermatitis in Croatia.- Patch Tests in Mycosis Fungoides.- Lymphomatoid Contact Dermatitis.- Patch Testing in Children.- Contact Dermatitis with Multiple Sensitization in an 8-Year-Old Child.- Contact Allergy to Preservatives.- Occupational Skin Sensitization to the Antimicrobials ortho-Benzyl para-Chlorophenol and Ampholyte 103 G.- Contact Sensitivity to Diazolidinylurea (Germall II).- Occupational Contact Dermatitis from Glutaraldehyde Used as a Cold Sterilizing Agent.- Anaphylactic Allergy to Chlorhexidine Cream.- Contact Sensitivity to Nonoxynols: A Cause of Intolerance to Antiseptic Preparations.- Preservatives in Geneva.- Industrial Dermatitis Due to Kathon CG and 1-Chloro-Hydroxy-3:6:8:11:14 Pentaoxahexadecane (Acticide BG).- Sensitization to Kathon CG in Switzerland: Report of the Swiss Contact Dermatitis Research Group.- Data Generation for Perfume Ingredient Safety Evaluation.- Preliminary Results on the Effectiveness of Two Forms of Fragrance Mix as Screening Agents for Fragrance Sensitivity.- Condoms and Rubber Allergy: A Preliminary Report of a New “Hypoallergenic” Condom.- Carba Mix: A Useful Indicator of Rubber Sensitivity.- Contact Sensitivity to Anthemis Plants.- Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Silver Birch Pollen.- Occupational Contact Dermatitis Due to Codiaeum variegatum L., Chrysanthemum indicum L., Chrysanthemum x hortorum and Frullania dilatata L..- Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Ginkgo biloba L.: Relationship with Urushioi.- Contact Dermatitis from Ficus carica.- Intracutaneous Testing in Doubtful Cases of Contact Allergy to Metals.- Is Nickel Vasculitis a Clinical Entity?.- Preliminary Results of a Multicenter Study on the Incidence of Nickel Allergy in Relationship to Previous Oral and Cutaneous Contacts.- Nickel Sensitivity in Schoolchildren in Finland.- Nickel Allergy and Ear Piercing in Young Men.- Nickel Dermatitis in Construction Workers.- An Investigation of Patients with a History of Nickel Allergy but Negative Epicutaneous Patch Tests.- Bioimplantation of Metals in Patients with Metal Allergy: The Late Outcome.- Cobalt, Nickel and PPD Sensitivity in Housewives’ Hand Dermatitis.- Metalworking Fluids and the Skin.- Cutting Oil Dermatitis: A Review of 115 Patients.- Contact Hypersensitivity in Patients with Chronic Otitis Externa.- Mafenide ― Still an Allergen of Importance?.- Systemic Drugs and Palmar Eczema.- Cutaneous Reactions to Estraderm.- Corticosteroid Contact Allergy: A Reality.- Drug-Induced Dermatitis with Acetonides of Corticoids.- Optimal Testing for Contact Allergy to Topical Corticosteroids.- Cross Allergy to Non-Steroidal Antiphlogistic Drugs.- Acute Generalized Dermatitis to Orally Administered Disulfiram.- Relevant Allergens in Perianal Contact Dermatitis.- Bacitracin and Polymyxin B: Important Contact Allergens in Patients with Leg Ulcers.- Contact Dermatitis to Minoxidil.- Contact Lens Intolerance, Astigmatism, and Atopy.- Allergic Contact Conjunctivitis Due to Ophthalmic Solutions.- Formaldehyde and Glyceryl Monothioglycolate: Results of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group.- Comparative Patch Testing with PPD-Base and PPD-Dihydrochloride: Human and Animal Data Compiled by the European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group.- Colour Developing Agents: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Test Preparations Used in Guinea Pig Maximization Testing.- Contact Dermatitis and Vitiligo Due to Colour Developers.- Thiourea Contact Sensitivity in Portugal.- Allergic Contact Dermatitis from the Insecticide Dichlorvos.- Contact Dermatitis Due to Naphazoline Intermediates.- The Significance of Positive Patch Test Reactions to 4,4?-Diaminodiphenylmethane.- Contact Dermatitis of the Face.- The Allergens in Cosmetics.- Adverse Reactions to Artificial Nails.- Contact Dermatitis in the Textile and Garment Industry.- Contact Dermatitis in a Shamrock Painter.- Occupational Contact Dermatitis to Arsenic Trioxide.- Reduction of the Allergenicity of Colophony (Rosin) by Hydrogenation.- Contact Allergy Towards Ninhydrin in a Marking Pen for Patch Testing.- Acrylic Reaction ― Ten-Years’ Experience.- Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Acrylates: Observations Concerning Anaerobic Acrylic Sealants and Dental Composite Resins.- Contact Allergy to Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins.- Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Isocyanates.- Experiences of Contact Dermatitis Associated with Phenol Formaldehyde Resins.- Contact Dermatitis to Epoxy Resins in Composite Material.- Local Cutaneous Signs of Stainless Steel Hip Prosthesis Rejection in a Patient Sensitive to Hydroquinone (a Constituent of Implant Bone Cement).- 4 Irritant Contact Dermatitis.- Irritant Contact Dermatitis.- Comparison of the Time Course, Dose Response, and Mediators of Chemically Induced Skin Irritation in Three Species.- Comparison of Expression of Human Lymphocyte Class II Antigens by Cutaneous Langerhans Cells and Keratinocytes Between Patients with Allergic, Irritant and Atopic Dermatitis.- Cumulative Skin Irritancy from Heat-Decomposed Polyethylene Plastic.- Acute Irritant Contact Folliculitis in a Galvanizer.- Influence of Repeated Exposure to Surfactants and Solubilizers on the Human Skin, Evaluated by Transepidermal Water Loss and Visual Scoring.- DMSO Irritancy Assessed Using Noninvasive Methods.- Persistent Maleic Acid Irritant Dermatitis in the Guinea Pig.- Degradation of Human Epidermal Keratin and Induction of Inflammation by Proteolytic Enzymes from Fish.- 5 Contact Urticaria.- Effects of Capsaicin and Topical Anesthesia on Nonimmunologic Immediate Contact Reactions to Benzoic Acid and Methyl Nicotinate.- Nonimmunologic Immediate Contact Reactions to Three Isomers of Pyridine Carboxaldehyde.- Immediate Type Dermatitis, Contact Urticaria, and Rhinitis from Carbonless Copy Paper: Report of Four Cases.- Immediate and Late Type Allergy to Latex: Contact Urticaria, Asthma and Contact Dermatitis.- Latex-Contact Urticaria Associated with Delayed Allergy to Rubber Chemicals.- Contact Urticaria and Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Constituents of Human Seminal Fluid.- 6 Photosensitizers.- Basic Mechanisms of Photosensitization.- Clinical Aspects of Photosensitizers.- The Scandinavian Multicenter Photopatch Study 1980–1985.- Reproducibility of Contact and Photocontact Tests with Photoallergens.- Contact and Photoallergic Dermatitis to Topical Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (Propionic Acid Derivatives): A Study of Eight Cases.- Photocontact Allergy from Photocopy Paper: A Report of Two Cases.- 7 Diagnostic Methods.- Patch Test Standardization.- Swedish Multicenter Study with TRUE Test, Panel 2.- Reproducibility of Patch Test Results: Comparison of TRUE Test and Finn Chamber Test.- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Standardization of Fragrance Mix for Patch Testing.- ?-Cyclodextrin Formaldehyde Complex in Patch Testing of Formaldehyde Contact Allergy.- Nickel Bioavailability from Patch Tests: Comparison Between Nickel Sulphate and Nickel Chloride Using TRUE Test.- Subspecification of Allergens (Type I): Testing by Anionic/Cathionic Iontophoresis in Humans.- Assessment of Erythema: A Comparison Between the Naked Eye and Laser Doppler Flowmetry.- Effect of Nonvisible Damage on the Water-Holding Capacity of the Stratum Corneum, Utilizing the Plastic Occlusion Stress Test (POST).- Comparability and Reproducibility of Results of Water Vapor Loss Measurements: A Study of Four Evaporimeters.- Nickel Content of Human Fingernails as a Measure of Occupational Exposure to Nickel.- Impact of 25 Years of In Vitro Testing in Allergic Contact Dermatitis.- In Vitro Nickel-Specific T-Lymphocyte Proliferation: Methodolocial Aspects.- The Role of MHC Class II Antigens in Mediating Accessory Cell Function in Vitro in Nickel-Induced Contact Sensitivity.- A Modified Murine Local Lymph Node Assay for Identification of Contact Allergens.- 8 Preventive Measures.- A Method for In Vitro Evaluation of Skin Protective Agents Against Epoxy Resin.- A New Glove Material Protective Against Epoxy and Acrylate Monomer.