D-Amino Acids : Practical Methods & Protocols -- Volume 3: D-Amino Acids in Peptides & Proteins

Ryuichi Konno

ISBN 10: 1607413787 / ISBN 13: 9781607413783

Editore: Nova Science Publishers Inc Mär 2010, 2010

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Neuware - D-Amino acids are stereoisomers or optical isomers of naturally occurring L-amino acids. D Amino acids and L-amino acids have almost the same physical and chemical properties. D-Amino acids have been considered to be unnatural substances that are produced only when we synthesise amino acids in laboratories or factories. Indeed, equal amounts of D-amino acids and L-amino acids (racemic mixture) are produced by chemical synthesis. Until recently, living organisms were thought to contain exclusively L-amino acids. Before the emergence of life, D- and L-amino acids should have existed on the primitive earth, because amino acids are considered to be produced under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and lightning. It is an interesting and important question why D-amino acids were eliminated and organisms have evolved using only L-amino acids. This mystery has not been solved. D-Amino acids have been considered exceptional amino acids that exist only in prokaryotes and a part of lower organisms. However, the development and improvement of analytical instruments and methods have revealed that D-amino acids are present in organisms far more in the amount and extent than previously considered. It has become clear that D-amino acids are present in invertebrates and vertebrates including humans and that some of D-amino acids have important physiological functions. Biological systems for synthesis and degradation of D-amino acids have also been found. This volume is dedicated to analytical methods for D-Amino Acids in Peptides and Proteins.

Codice articolo 9781607413783

Dati bibliografici

• Titolo: D-Amino Acids : Practical Methods & Protocols -- Volume 3: D-Amino Acids in Peptides & Proteins
• Editore: Nova Science Publishers Inc Mär 2010
• Data di pubblicazione: 2010
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 1607413787
• ISBN 13: 9781607413783
• Rilegatura: Buch
• Condizione: Neu
• Dimensioni: 264 L x 184 A x 14 P (millimetri) 264 millimetri di larghezza per 184 millimetri di altezza per 14 millimetri di profondità
• Peso: 480 grammi

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Riassunto

D-Amino acids are stereoisomers or optical isomers of naturally occurring L-amino acids. D Amino acids and L-amino acids have almost the same physical and chemical properties. D-Amino acids have been considered to be unnatural substances that are produced only when we synthesise amino acids in laboratories or factories. Indeed, equal amounts of D-amino acids and L-amino acids (racemic mixture) are produced by chemical synthesis. Until recently, living organisms were thought to contain exclusively L-amino acids. Before the emergence of life, D- and L-amino acids should have existed on the primitive earth, because amino acids are considered to be produced under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and lightning. It is an interesting and important question why D-amino acids were eliminated and organisms have evolved using only L-amino acids. This mystery has not been solved. D-Amino acids have been considered exceptional amino acids that exist only in prokaryotes and a part of lower organisms. However, the development and improvement of analytical instruments and methods have revealed that D-amino acids are present in organisms far more in the amount and extent than previously considered. It has become clear that D-amino acids are present in invertebrates and vertebrates including humans and that some of D-amino acids have important physiological functions. Biological systems for synthesis and degradation of D-amino acids have also been found. This volume is dedicated to analytical methods for D-Amino Acids in Peptides and Proteins.