Digital Communication

This book concerns digital communication. Specifically, we treat the transport of bit streams from one geographical location to another over various physical media, such as wire pairs, coaxial cable, optical fiber, and radio waves. Further, we cover the mul­ tiplexing, multiple access, and synchronization issues relevant to constructing com­ munication networks that simultaneously transport bit streams from many users. The material in this book is thus directly relevant to the design of a multitude of digital communication systems, including for example local and metropolitan area data net­ works, voice and video telephony systems, the integrated services digital network (ISDN), computer communication systems, voiceband data modems, and satellite communication systems. We extract the common principles underlying these and other applications and present them in a unified framework. This book is intended for designers and would-be designers of digital communication systems. To limit the scope to manageable proportions we have had to be selective in the topics covered and in the depth of coverage. In the case of advanced information, coding, and detection theory, for example, we have not tried to duplicate the in-depth coverage of many advanced textbooks, but rather have tried to cover those aspects directly relevant to the design of digital communication systems.

I: THE BASICS.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Applications of Digital Communication.- 1.2 Digital vs. Analog Communication.- 1.3 Plan of the Book.- 1.4 Further Reading.- 2 Deterministic Signal Processing.- 2.1 Signals.- 2.2 LTI Systems and Fourier Transforms.- 2.3 The Nyquist Sampling Theorem.- 2.4 Linear Modulation.- 2.5 The Z Transform and Laplace Transform.- 2.6 Signal Space Representations.- 2.7 Further Reading.- 2-A Summary of Fourier Transform Properties.- 3 Stochastic Signal Processing.- 3.1 Random Variables.- 3.2 Random Processes.- 3.3 Markov Chain.- 3.4 The Poisson Process and Queueing.- 3.5 Further Reading.- 3-A Power Spectrum of A Cyclostationary Process.- 3-B Power Spectrum of A Markov Chain.- 3-C Derivation of Poisson Process.- 3-D Moment Generating Function of Shot Noise.- 4 Boundaries of Communication.- 4.1 Just Enough Information About Entropy.- 4.2 Capacity of Discrete-Time Channels.- 4.3 Continuous-Time Channels.- 4.4 Further Reading.- 4-A Asymptotic Equipartition Theorem.- 5 Physical Media and Channels.- 5.1 Composite Channels.- 5.2 Transmission Lines.- 5.3 Optical Fiber.- 5.4 Microwave Radio.- 5.5 Telephone Channels.- 5.6 Magnetic Recording Channels.- 5.7 Further Reading.- II: Modulation and Detection.- 6 Modulation.- 6.1 An Overview of Basic Pam Techniques.- 6.2 Pulse Shapes.- 6.3 Baseband Pam.- 6.4 Passbandpam.- 6.5 Performance of Pam and Alphabet Design.- 6.6 Frequency Shift Keying.- 6.7 Optical Fiber Reception.- 6.8 Magnetic Recording.- 6.9 Further Reading.- 6-A Modulating Random Processes.- 7 Detection.- 7.1 Detection of A Single Real-Valued Symbol.- 7.2 Detection of A Signal Vector.- 7.3 Discrete-Time Matched Filter.- 7.4 Sequence Detection — the Viterbi Algorithm.- 7.5 Further Reading.- 7-A General ML and MAP Sequence Detectors.- 7-B Bit Error Probability For Sequencec DETECTORS.- 8 Intersymbol Interference.- 8.1 Known Signals In Noise.- 8.2 Detection of Passbandc Signals.- 8.3 Matched Filter at Receiver Front End.- 8.4 The Linear Equalizer.- 8.5 Fractionally Spaced Equalizers.- 8.6 Decision-Feedback Equalizer.- 9 Adaptive Equalization.- 9.1 Constrained-Complexity Equalizers.- 9.2 Adaptive Linear Equalizer.- 9.3 Adaptive Dfe.- 9.4 Fractionally Spaced Equalizer.- 9.5 Passband Equalization.- 9.6 Further Reading.- 9-A SG Algorithm Error Vector Norm.- III: Coding.- 10 Spectrum Control.- 10.1 Goalsc of Line Codes.- 10.2 Line Code Options.- 10.3 Partial Response.- 10.4 Continuous-Phase Modulation.- 10.5 Scrambling.- 10.6 Spread-Spectrum.- 10.7 Further Reading.- 10-A Maximal-Length Feedback Shift Registers.- 11 Error Control.- 11.1 Block Codes.- 11.2 Convolutional Codes.- 11.3 Historical Notes and Further Reading.- 11-A Linearity of Codes.- 11-B Path Enumerators.- 12 Trellis Coding.- 12.1 Basic Trellis Codes.- 12.2 Performance.- 12.3 More Elaborate Trellis Codes.- 12.4 Trellis Codes and Adaptive Filters.- 12.5 Further Reading.- IV: Synchronization.- 13 Phase-Lockedc Loops.- 13.1 Ideal Continuous-Time Pll.- 13.2 Discrete-Time Plls.- 13.3 Phase Detectors.- 13.4 Variations On A Theme: VCOs.- 13.5 Further Reading.- 14 Carrier Recovery.- 14.1 Decision-Directed Carrier Recovery.- 14.2 Power Of N Carrier Recovery.- 14.3 Further Reading.- 15 Timing Recovery.- 15.1 Timing Recovery Performance.- 15.2 Spectral-Line Methods.- 15.3 MMSE Timing Recovery and Approximations.- 15.4 Baud-Rate Timing Recovery.- 15.5 Accumulation of Timing Jitter.- 15.6 Further Reading.- 15-A The Poisson Sum Formula.- 15-B Discrete-Time Derivative.- V: Multiple Access.- 16 Multiple Access Alternatives.- 16.1 Medium Topology For Multiplec Access.- 16.2 Multiple Access By Time Division.- 16.3 Multiple Access By Frequency Division.- 16.4 Multiple Access By Code Division.- 17 Multiplexing.- 17.1 Framing Recovery.- 17.2 Synchronous Multiplexing.- 17.3 Asynchronous Multiplexing.- 17.4 Further Reading.- 18 Echo Cancellation.- 18.1 Principle of the Echo Canceler.- 18.2 Baseband Channel.- 18.3 Passband Channel.- 18.4 Adaptation.- 18.5 Far-End Echo.- 18.6 Further Reading.- 18-A Real-Error Canceler Convergence.- VI: Networks.- 19 Circuit and Packet Networks.- 19.1 Circuit-Switched Networks.- 19.2 Packet-Switched Datac Networks.- 19.3 Furtherc Reading.- 20 Integrated Networks.- 20.1 Network Access Integration — ISDN.- 20.2 Internal Network Integration — BISDN.- 20.3 Further Reading.- Permuted Index 691.