Riassunto
Atmospheric pollution has many different detrimental impacts on air quality at urban, regional and global scales. Large volume photoreactors (often referred to as smog or simulation chambers) have been used very effectively to investigate and understand many varied aspects of atmospheric chemistry related to air pollution problems. Photochemical smog formation, which was first observed around 1945 in Los Angeles, is now a major environmental problem for all industrialised and densely populated regions of the world. Over the years many different modelling and experimental tools have been developed to analyse and simulate the complex chemical processes associated with tropspheric photooxidant formation. Work in environmental chambers has played a key role in the development of our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry associated with pollution problems on local, regional and global scales. Chamber observations have also been used in connection with environmental policy issues. In general they are used for validation of atmospheric chemical models, studies of chemical reaction mechanisms and as a direct means to test the possible impact of specific chemical compounds on air quality under simulated ambient conditions New large smog chamber installations have been recently developed in the US (Riverside, California), Europe (Jülich, Germany) and Japan, and a large number of smaller scale laboratory chambers are in operation around the world. Over the years there have been numerous new technical developments related to environmental chamber facilities such as the design of the chambers (e. g.
Contenuti
Preface.Acknowledgements. Simulation Chamber Facilities. Overview on the Development of Chambers for the Study of Atmospheric Chemical Processes; K.H. Becker.- The UCR EPA Environmental Chamber; W. P. L Carter-. Investigations of Secondary Organic Aerosol in the UCR EPA Environmental Chamber; D.R.Cocker III and C.Song. Field Measurements and Modelling Motivated Design of a Programme of Aerosol Chamber Experiments; G. McFiggans.- Chamber Simulations of Cloud Chemistry: The ADA Chamber; R.Wagner et al.- New ON-line Mass Spectrometer for Identification of Reaction Products in the Aqueous Phase: Application to the OH Oxidation of N-methyl-pyrrolidone Under Atmospheric Conditions; L.Poulain et al.- Dynamic Chamber System to Measure Gaseous Compounds Emissions and Atmospheric-Biospheric Interactions; V.P.Aneja et al.- Chemical Process Studies.Chamber Studies on the Photolysis of Aldehydes; J.Wenger.-Determination of Photolysis Frequencies for Selected Carbonyl Compounds in the EUPHORE Chamber; R-I-. Olariu.- Remote Sensing of Glyoxal by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS): Advancements in Simulation Chamber and Field Experiments; R.L.Volkamer et al.-Aromatic Hydrocarbon Oxidation: the Contribution of Chamber Photooxidation Studies; C. Bloss et al. FT-JR Kinetic Study on the Gas Phase Reactions of the OH Radical with a Series of Nitroaromatic Compounds; L. Bejan et al-. Atmospheric Fate of Unsaturated Ethers; A. Mellouki.-Atmospheric Oxidation of the Chlorinated Solvents, 1 ,1, 1 -Trichioroethane, Trichioroethene and Tetrachioroethene; L. Nolan et al.- Simulation Chamber Study of the Oxidation of Acetic Acid by OH Radicals: Detection of Reaction Products by CW-CRDS in the Near-Infrared Range; S. Crunair et al.- Kinetics, Products and Mechanism of O(3P) Atom Reactions with Alkyl lodides; I. Barnes.- Kinetics of the Reaction between CF2O and CH3OH; M.A.Burgos Paci. and G.A. Arguello.- New Kinetic and Spectroscopic Measurements in the CF3O + NO System;M.S.Chiappero et al.-Kinetic Study of the Temperature Dependence of the OH Initiated Oxidation of Dimethyl Sulphide; M.Albu et al.- Environmental Chamber Studies of Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds; W.P.L.Carter.-Evaluation of the Detailed Tropospheric Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3, Using Environmental Chamber Data: Butane and its Degradation Products; P.G. Pinho et al.- Studies on Nitrate-affected Oxidation and their Perspectives; W. Pasiuk-Bronikowska and T.Bronikowski.- Heterogeneous and Aqueous-Phase Transformations of lsoprene; K.J. Rudzinski.- Investigations of Atmospheric Transformation of Diesel Emissions in the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE); B. Zielinska et al.- Investigations of Real Car Exhaust in Environmental Simulation Chambers: Results from the INFORMATEX and DIFUSO Projects; P. Wiesen.- The EUROCHAMP Integrated Infrastructure Initiative; P.Wiesen.- .Air Pollution Studies Survey on Atmospheric Chemistry Research in Some new EU Member States and Candidate Countries; E. Batchvarova et al.- New Measurements of NMVOC Concentrations in the City Air of Wuppertal, Germany: Input Data for Chemical Mass Balance Modelling; A. Niedojadlo.et al.- Surface and Total Ozone Over Bulgaria; S.Kolev. and V.Grigorieva.-. Heavy Metals in the Environment: an Everlasting Problem; R. Mocanu.- Atmospheric Wet Deposition Monitoring in lasi, Romania; C. Arsene et al.- Problems of Air Quality in Tashkent City; G.A. Tolkacheva.- Precipitation Quality in the Different Zones of the Tashkent Region in Relation to Photo-Chemical Reactions T. Smirnova and G. Tolkacheva.-Influence of Atmospheric Aerosol Contamination on the Regional Climate in Central Asia; B.B.Chen and V. M Lelevkin.- Air Pollution and Ecosystems Buffer Capacity Assessment in the Industrial Regions of Ukraine; M.M.Kharytonov et al.- Two Neutral Network Methods in Estimation of Air Pollution Time Series; H.K. Cigizoglu et al.- List of Participants with Addresses; Author Index Subject Index
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