Estuarine Water Quality Management : Monitoring, Modelling and Research

All over the world, the awareness of the increasing pollution of rivers, estuaries and the sea with its associated impact on these ecosystems, its effect on organisms, food-chains, water supply and finally on man himself is growing. Estuaries form a link between the limnetic and marine environments, characterized by a variety of complex processes. Most of these phenomena are not yet sufficiently understood, making efficient water quality management a difficult task. The volume has two main objectives: to present the latest information on current estuarine research and to elaborate fundamentals and criteria for planners and decision-makers in water quality management.

I Review on Estuarine Water Quality Management.- Estuarine Water Quality Management: Planning, Organizing, Monitoring and Modelling.- II Estuarine Modelling.- Progress in Estuarine Water Quality Modelling.- Strategy of Current and Transport Modelling in Different Estuaries.- Mathematical Modelling of Hydrodynamics in the Elbe Estuary.- Modeling Wind-Induced Mixing and Transport in Estuaries and Lakes.- Development of a Water Quality Model for the Patuxent Estuary.- Numerical Modeling of Suspended Sediment Dynamics in the Weser Estuary.- Analysis of the Distribution of Suspended Particulate Matter, Bacteria, Chlorophyll a and PO4 in the Upper St. Lawrence Estuary, Using a Two-Dimensional Box Model.- Calculation of Estuarine Contaminant Transport with Strong Particulate-Dissolved Partitioning.- The Specification of Shear Stresses in Estuary Models.- III Integrated Concepts, Stragegies.- The BILEX Concept ― Research Supporting Public Water Quality Surveillance in Estuaries.- Waste Disposal and the Estuarine Environment.- Development of a Water Quality and Bio-Accumulation Model for the Scheldt Estuary.- Water Quality Management for the Hooghly Estuary.- Strategy for Estuarine Water Quality Management in Developing Countries: The Example of Nigeria (West Africa).- Water Quality Including the Ecosystem.- The Sensitivity-Survey ― A Useful Decision-Aid for the Protection of the Mud-Flats in the German North Sea Coastal Region.- IV Water Dynamics and Transport Processes.- A Study on the Transport of Dissolved and Particulate Matter through the Hamburg Harbour.- Tidal Asymmetry and Fine Suspended Sediment Transport in the Eastern Scheldt Tidal Basin (The Netherlands).- Fluxes of Water, Solids and Metals through the Mersey Estuary (UK) as Measured by a Continuous Data Recording Station (MIDAS).- Suspended Matter and Heavy Metal Transport in the Lower Elbe River under Different Flow Conditions.- Seasonal Variations of Mineralogical Composition and Heavy Metal Contamination of Suspended Matter in the River Elbe Estuary.- Suspended Matter in the Outer Elbe Estuary and in the Wadden Sea: Distribution and Transport.- Investigations on Suspended Matter Transport Processes in Estuaries and Coastal Waters.- Statistical Properties of Turbulence in Estuaries.- Recent Developments in Large-Scale Tracing by Fluorescent Tracers.- Transport of Rhodamine-B Following a Slug Release into the River Elbe above the Port of Hamburg.- Feasibility of Tracer Studies of Large Scale Cohesive-Sediment Transport.- The Influence of a Salt Wedge and Tidal Flow Dynamics on Contaminant Pathways in the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia.- V Estuarine Measurement Techniques.- The Hydrographic Measuring System HYDRA.- Current Measurement in Estuaries by Electro-Magnetic Methods and DECCA-Drifters.- Acoustic Detection of Suspended Matter in Coastal Waters.- Laser Fluorometer for the Detection of Rhodamine-B in Estuarine Waters.- Quasi-Synoptic Uni-Sensor In-Situ 3D Current Measurements in Estuaries.- Chemical Tracers ― A New and Desirable Technique?.- Measurement of Suspended Loads in Streams by Means of Hydrocyclones.- VI Sediment-Water Interface.- Fluid-Mud Movement and Bed Formation Process with Density Current in Estuaries.- Bell-Jar Experiments and Suspension Measurements for the Quantification of Oxygen Consumption and Nitrogen Conversion in Sediments of the Elbe Estuary.- Phosphate Sorption Equilibrium at Sediment-Water Interfaces ― Consequences for the Rehabilitation of Waters.- Denitrification: Elimination of Ammonia and Nitrate Nitrogen from Tidal Sediments.- The Bed Shear Stress of an Annular Sea-Bed Flume.- Particulate Contaminant Transport in Rivers ― Modelling of Near Bed Exchange Processes.- VII Monitoring.- Lower Weser Monitoring and Modelling.- Monitoring of Radioactivity in the Elbe Estuary.- Regulations and Monitoring for the Discharge of Cooling Water and Radioactive Substances from a Nuclear Power Plant into the Weser Estuary.- VIII Nutrients and Oxygen Budget.- Correlation of the Seasonal and Annual Variation of Phytoplankton Biomass in Dutch Coastal Waters of the North Sea with Rhine River Discharge.- Nutrient Variability in a Shallow Coastal Lagoon (Ria Formosa, Portugal).- Seasonal Changes of Dissolved and Particulate Material in the Turbidity Zone of the River Elbe.- Annual Flux Budget of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients through a Well-Mixed Estuary.- Studies on the Distribution of Oxygen and Nutrients in the Weser Estuary.- Management of Nitrate Loading in the Chao Phraya Estuary.- IX Biological Processes, Environmental Impact.- Biological Processes in the Estuarine Environment.- A Massive Fish Kill Caused by an Anoxia on Brittany Coast (France) ― Causes and Mechanisms.- Phytoplankton and Eutrophication Modelling in the Vilaine Bay.- Monitoring the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Relation to the Sediment Pollution in the Weser Estuary (FRG).- Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of the Diatom Actinocyclus Normanii in the Weser Estuary (NW-Germany) in Relation to Environmental Factors.- The Importance of Stratification for the Development of Phytoplankton Blooms ― A Simulation Study.- Biomass and Production of Phytoplankton in the Elbe Estuary.- Microphytobenthos in the Elbe Estuary: Biomass, Species Composition and Primary Production Measurements with Oxygen Microelectrodes.- X Water Chemistry and Speciation.- Adsorption and Release Processes in Estuaries.- The Behaviour of Dissolved Cd, Cu and Zn in the Scheldt Estuary.- Use of Nonvolatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons as Anthropogenic Tracers for Estimating the Contribution of the Rivers Weser and Elbe to the Pollution of the German Bight.- Multielement Determination of Trace Elements in Estuarine Waters by TXRF and INAA.- High-Sensitive Determination of Element Traces by Means of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Automatic Routine Measurements.- Gradients of Trace Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Elbe Estuary.- Chlorophenolics in the Fraser River and Estuary.- An Intercomparison of Particulate Trace Metals from Four Large Estuaries.- Dissolved, Particulate and Sedimentary Mercury in the Cochin Estuary, Southwest Coast of India.- Author Index.