Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution - Contemporary Methodology

The book contains the contributions at the NATO Study Institute on Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution – Contemporary Methodology, which took place in Sofia – Borovetz, Bulgaria, July 1–10, 2008. Rapid advances in mathematics, computer science and molecular biology and chemistry have lead to the development in of a new branch of toxicology called Computational Toxicology. This emerging field is addressing the estimation and prediction of exposure risk and effects of chemicals based on experimental data, measured concentration and biological mechanisms and computational models of biological systems. Mathematical models are also being used to predict the fate and transport of substances in the environment. Because this area is still in its infancy, there has been limited application from governmental agencies to regulating controllable processes, such as registration of new chemicals, determination of estimated exposure and risk based limits and maximum acceptable concentrations in different compartments of the environment – ambient air, waters, soil and food products. However, this is soon to change as the ability to collect, analyze and interpret the required information is becoming increasingly more efficient and cost effective. Full implementation of the new processes have to involve education on both part of the experimentalists who are generating the data and the models, and the risk assessors who will use them to better protect human health and the environment.

Preface.- Acknowledgements.- List of contributors.- New Versus Classic Approaches for Chemical Risk Assessment and Management; M. A. Hassanien.- Dose Response Extrapolation for Acute Effects of Toxic Agents and its Relevance to Predict Health Risk Related to Disaster and Terrorism Associated Events; T. Lewandowski, L. Rhomberg.-Modeling Multimedia Pollution for Environmental Exposure; M. de Lurdes Dinis, A. Fiúza.- Risk Assessment of Mixtures of Chemical Pollutants in the Environment; E. Chirila, C. Draghici.- Mass Balance Models for Chemical Fate, Bioaccumulation, Exposure and Risk Assessment; J.Arnot.- Exposure and Risk Assessment Modeling to Screen and Commercial Chemical Inventories; J. Arnot.- Methodology for Exposure and Risk Assessment in Complex Environmental Pollution Situations; M. de Lurdes Dinis, A. Fiúza.- Risk Assessment Approaches for Dealing with Unusual Chemicals and Non-standard Exposures; T. Lewandowski.- Assessment of the Effect Potential of Environmental Chemicals; H.-M. Mulisch, W. Winter, H. H. Dieter.- Modeling Chemical Exposures in Risk Assessment; T. Lewandowski.- Complex Characterization of Polluted Samples; C. Draghici, E. Chirila.- Modeling of Contaminants in Aquatic Environment; I.Dimitrova.- Tentative Hazard Assessment of Industrial Facilities; G.A. Dura et al.- Ecological Approach to Evaluate Effects of Chemical Pollutants in Soil and Groundwater; Z. Filip, K. Demnerova. Environmental Epidemiology as a Method for Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution; L. Simeonov.- The Use of Biomarkers in the Toxicological Risk Assessment; I. Kiss.- Humic Substances as Natural Interacting Agents – Their Characteristics and Possible Fate in Environment; Z. Filip, K. Demnerova.- Environmental Microbiology, Soil Science, Nanoscience – A Planetary View; Z. Filip.- Environmental Effect Assessment of Organic PBT Compounds;T. Molnár, G. Dura.- Risk Estimates of Air Pollutants in Developing Countries; Mahmoud A. Hassanien.- InhalationIntake Assessment of Air Pollutants Exposure Over Cairo, Egypt; M. A. Hassanien et al.- Water Quality Assessment and Control in Bulgaria; E. Angelova.- Risk Assessment of Oil Marine Pollution; I. Enache, S. Zagan.- Case Study on Gas Station Environmental Qualitative Risk Assessment; C. Jelescu et al.- Environmental Risks Associated to the Use of Cyanide Technology for Gold Extraction in Romania; L. Stefanescu et al.- Exposure and Risk Assessment of Environmental Nitric Oxides in Tumor Progression; V. Mikhailenko et al.- Blood Lead Levels in Schoolchildren from Veles, Related to the Ambient Air Pollution by Lead; M. Kochubovski.- Evaluation of the Risk of Underground Water’s Action upon Human Health of Population in Municipality Chisinau; R. Russu, S. Cebanu.- Occurrence and Associated Risk of Nitrates/Nitrites in the Groundwaters from the North-Eastern Part of Romania; D. Cailean et al.- New Technologies for Nitriite and Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water Envisaging the Diminution of Human Health Risk; D. Sonea et al.- About the Contents of Nitrates in Vegetal Flood-stuffs in Municipality of Chisinau; G. Friptuleac et al.- Chlorosis Risk Evaluation from a New Viticulture Area Located on a Former Army Region; N. Lupascu et al.- Pesticide Residues Determination in Vegetables from Romania by GC-ECD; A. Soceanu et al.- Heavy Metals and Pesticides Analysis from Black Sea Algae; S. Lupsor et al.- Novel Daphnia Test for Detecting Chemical Pollution; A. Ács et al.- Flood Risks in Agricultural Areas along Mesta River; D. Shopova et al.- Assessment of Land Pollution and Policy Analysis for Secure Development Strategies in Armenia; Y. Suvaryan et al.- Using a Decision Support Software in the Course of the Planning of a Waste Management System in Hungary; A. Czerny et al.- Examination of Condition of Small Streams and Results Displaying in Environmental Information System; Z. Kovács et al.- Educational Approach of Safety and Risk Assessment Courses at Master Program; M.