First E.C. Conference on Solar Heating

Contributors to this Conference have shown the wide range of active and passive solar heating systems which have been researched, installed and monitored in recent years throughout western Europe and elsewhere. Yet much remains to be done if solar heating is to reach its full potential. The Conference Committee hopes that this record of the proceedings will provide a basis for the further development of these systems. Many difficulties have been surmounted in arriving at today's position. The foundations of the growing confidence of architects and engineers are to be found in the concerted programmes of research and development mounted by ty,'o of the sponsors of the Conference the European Community and the International Energy Agency. Some of the more tangible products of these programmes have been reported here: component and system behaviour has been subjected to rigorous scientific study; new test facilities have been founded; test procedures devised; simulation methods developed and evaluated; design rules formulated and checked against measured performance. It has been apparent here that the willingness to exchange information and experiences, which has always been a feature of the solar energy scene, remains as strong as ever. A further information-sharing initiative was noted on the part of another sponsor, UNESCO - the setting-up of the European Cooperative Network on Solar Energy, involving countries from both eastern and western Europe.

Opening Session.- Opening speech.- Opening speech.- The Dutch National Solar Energy and the International Energy Agency’s solar heating and cooling programme.- The status and future of the active use of solar energy.- Solar architecture.- Panel Discussion.- A report on the panel discussion.- Closing Address.- Session I — Performance of Solar Heating Systems.- The European solar pilot test facilities, a powerful tool for model validation.- Combined solar system for space heating and domestic hot water supply: performance measuring data from the Danish pilot test facility.- Measured performance of experimental and commercial solar heating systems.- The active solar building of Bourgoin-Jallieu: lessons from 5 years of measurements.- Performance monitoring of solar heating systems.- Field measurement on 65 single family SDWH systems throughout France.- European passive solar test facility.- The performance of air cooled collector systems in Dutch field tests.- Performance of 12 passive and/or active solar houses in Bassens, France.- Summary of performance results from the U.S. residential class B monitoring program.- Measurement of passive solar gain within the project “Landstuhl”.- Three years of array performance of different types of evacuated tubular solar collectors.- Swedish solar heating plants with seasonal storage — System design influence on thermal performance and economy.- Solar heating plant at Mount Zugspitze.- Measurement and evaluation techniques for solar heating systems.- Performance results from a large solar heating and cooling system operational since 1981 near Marseille (France).- Performance monitoring of appartment buildings in Berlin.- Description and experimental long range evaluation of a solar electric plant installed in a residential building in Southern Italy.- Simulation and monitoring of solar domestic hot water systems.- Solar heating test design facility for bulk PCM storage.- Low energy passive solar houses at Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.- Session II — Correlation Methods and Design Tools.- Design and validation of simplified methods for sizing active solar space heating systems.- F-chart in European climates.- The SEU design method.- Comparison of the REM heating energy calculation procedure to measured data.- A micro-computer aided design tool: CASAMO.- Analytical model for the input/output energy relationship.- Performance and cost evaluation of solar passive buildings in Greece.- Upper limit of the useful solar heat achievable in the Central European climates with DHW and heating systems. Important technical factors determining the useful solar heat of a solar system.- Experience in modelling and experimenting of thermosyphonic solar water heaters with heat exchanger.- Simulation of solar air-heating systems.- Accuracy and limitation of the LESO-A simplified method.- A simple design method for solar heating systems with in-ground long term storage.- Easy-to-use methods for performance evaluation of active solar space heating systems.- A simple method for performance evaluation of solar domestic hot water systems.- Design tool for buried horizontal heat exchanger.- SUNSYST: the computer program for solar energy.- IEA Task VIII: passive and hybrid solar low energy buildings.- Statistical methods for the storage size optimization in solar hot water systems.- Session III — Research and Development of Passive Solar Components.- Innovative passive/hybrid solar design concepts employed in the U.S..- Building components with integrated latent heat storage.- Energy-savings due to the integration of a thermogenious element in prefabricated facades.- Sunspace performance within an overall high rise building retrofit.- Use in passive solar architecture of sunlight dousers with a seasonal effect.- Optical measurements on a variable transparency window using selective catadioptric reflection.- Recherche et développement d’architecture climatique et de composants solaires.- Simple air collectors for preheating fresh air.- Transparent insulation system for passive solar energy utilization in buildings.- Composant solaire passif à lames mobiles et à stockage par chaleur latente.- The design of a low-cost housing estate with the use of thermal inertia in a solar roof, under the climatic conditions of Bolivia.- Hybrid solar low energy buildings in Denmark.- Mass produced passive components for low-cost multistory building.- Open-loop thermosyphon solar-energy space heating.- Study of natural convection within a large cavity — First results.- Passive solar houses with energy efficient solar walls containing paraffin.- A hybrid collector-latent heat storage wall for air conditioning.- Effective ‘U’ value.- High performance passive solar heating system with heat pipe energy transfer.- Session IV — Important Active and Passive Solar Topics.- An assessment of energy performances of the housing stock in Italy: experimental data from 1000 dwellings.- An assessment of the prospects for solar thermal application in Europe.- Energy balance and thermal comfort in passive solar housing.- Passive solar educational support for European architects.- A graphical method to assess passive solar gains in the existing housing stock of the United Kingdom.- Evaluation and development of thermal analysis models within the IEA solar heating and cooling programme, task VIII — Passive and hybrid solar low energy buildings.- Comfort aspects in overglazed environments.- Transparent insulating materials: a possibility for reducing the consumption of fossil fuel in households.- The Swedish solar heating programme.- Integrated design exemplified by solar cavity wall houses.- Experimental study of free convection in a room model using a collector storage wall.- Performance of passive solar systems in Dutch low-rise housing.- The potential for solar heating in central urban areas: a case study.- Air solar collecting roof for a low-energy sports-hall building.- A review of the use of selective absorbers in foil form for passive solar collectors.- Passive solar design in non-domestic buildings.- The use of passive solar gains for the pre-heating of ventilation air in housing.- The Sophia Antipolis passive test facility.- Solar radiation and pyranometry studies for solar energy applications: an overview of IEA task IX.- The design and establishment of a solar energy research centre in Greece.- Solar heated swimming pools in Europe — An EC Demonstration Programme.- Session V — Solar Collectors and Second Generation Dhw and Sh-Systems.- Eight years of collector testing in Europe: what have we learned?.- NRCC air collector testing facility.- Computer model of the Nobels Peelman air heating solar collector used in the CEC6 round robin test series.- Experimental investigation of solar air collectors.- The ‘Albedo’ flat-plate solar collector.- System performance optimisation studies, for 2nd generation DHW and SH systems.- Examples of practical applications of collectors for 2nd generation solar energy systems.- Performance tests on commercial on?-family DHW solar systems.- Performance of the second generation solar heating system in the solar house of the Eindhoven University of Technology.- Evacuated collectors in cooperative International Energy Agency research and development.- Results of durability tests on various types of collectors.- Ageing resistance of solar collectors.- Four years experience in collector testing in the frame of the ENEL promotion programme for DHW systems.- Computer model of the Philips evacuated tubular solar collector used in the CEC5 round robin test series.- Design and characteristics of a flat plate slit honeycomb solar collector.- Design of direct solar floors and practical results.- A contribution to the laying down of durability and reliability tests for solar collectors.- Leistungsvergleich von zwei Sonnenheizungsanlagen zur Wassererwärmung.- Performance of unglazed flat plate heat exchangers at low temperatures.- Optimisation of solar collector area for solar thermal systems.- Investigation of indoor- and outdoor performance measurements on solar domestic hot water systems.- Design of static concentrators with the receiver immersed in a dielectric tube.- Computer-aided development of solar domestic hot water systems.- Solar domestic hot water systems in Denmark — Design, performance and costs.- Low-cost, low-weight and medium-efficiency solar collectors construction and examples.- Investigation of solar-assisted heat-pump systems using the heat recovery glazing concept.- A detailed theoretical model for a flat plate natural convection loop-type solar air collector.- Optimal control theory applied to dwelling heating system.- Performance and reliability of inexpensive single family SDHW package systems.- Performance predictions for all glass tubular evacuated absorbers.- Analysis of the climatic data necessary — Problems to be solved and application to flat-plate collectors.- Experience with collector draining and rigid mineral insulation in continental climate (Capellen — Luxembourg).- The limits of the transient method applied to the solar collectors performance measurement.- Etude expérimentale de capteurs solaires à air en région parisienne.- A second generation thermosiphon solar water heater.- Design of domestic hot water- and solar heating systems with Philips’ evacuated collectors.- A simplified solar domestic hot water and heating system with evacuated tubular heat pipe collectors.- Chauffe-eau solaire domestique à stockage intégré.- Spectrally selective transition-metal oxinitride coatings on rough substrates for application in high performance solar collectors.- Hydrophile solar collector system.- Balancing of solar heating options.- On the importance of wind velocity and ambient temperature to the performance of flat-plate collectors.- Performance of pipe type solar water heater.- Research project “Guidelines for optimal planning and construction of solar energy systems”.- Shared solar space and water heating.- Session VI — Solar Energy Applications In Agriculture and Industry.- The use of air collectors in drying processes of agricultural products.- A comparison of five solar systems for heating greenhouses.- Analysis and design of solar process water heating systems without storage for industrial and commercial applications.- The performance study of an industrial solar hot water system.- Test and modelization of a greenhouse using low temperature heating.- The performance measuring data of an air collector system for drying herbs.- Experience with advanced solar collectors for water heating: technical and economic aspects.- Contribution to the simultaneous production of fresh water and salt.- Drying of grapes in cabinet solar dryer — Preliminary results.- A combined system for heat recovery and solar energy utilization in automobile lacquering shops.- Solar distillation for ethanol production.- Solar energy system in order to control the micro-climate from the horticulture in greenhouses.- Experimental results of air solar collector storage in soil heating system for an industrial building.- Low temperature heat storage for greenhouses.- Two phase flow guidance in a steam producing solar collector for process heat supply for the food industry.- Assessment study of the potential use of solar energy in agriculture.- The performance measuring data of a DHW and stable heating system.- Modelling and monitoring solar energy projects in the Dutch agriculture.- Solar restoration of a neoclassical hotel in Athens, Greece.- Solar energy storage for zootechnie applications.- Heat transfer in a solar in-door cooker.- Session VII — Solar Heat Storage, Short Term and Interseasonal Storage Concepts.- Thermal storage of solar energy.- A European test procedure for testing solar storage devices.- The work within the International Energy Agency on central solar heating plants with seasonal storage.- A seasonal storage solar heating system for the Charlestown, Boston Navy Yard National Historic Park.- Validation of the generalized model based storage test procedure by means of dynamic simulation tests.- Salt gradient solar pond for solar heat collection and long term storage.- Solar heating with annual heat storage — Modelling and practice.- Seasonal storage of building waste heat in an aquifer.- The seasonal heat store in Groningen — Results of experiments — Validation of heat storage models.- The SUNCLAY and KULLAVIK projects — Heat storage in clay at low and high temperature.- Thermal analysis of the behaviour of a low-pressure hot-water store.- The solar heat storage twin-system of the Lübeck solar house as an example of a second generation interseasonal storage concept.- Thermal performance testing of a latent heat storage unit.- Soil mechanics aspects of seasonal heat storage in Groningen.- Long term storage of solar energy in silicagel-water systems for space heating.- Thermal heat storage in solar heating systems for domestic hot water supply.- Seasonal storage test pit — Testing of a 500 m3 store.- Seasonal-heat storage in underground warm water pit (Design of a 30 -50.000 m3 storage).- The sodiumsulphide/water system as a chemical heat pump used for long term energy storage.- A general method for determining the overall heat transfer coefficient of thermal storage embedded materials.- Determination of the thermal behaviour of a phase change encapsulated material packed bed using air as transfer fluid.- Solar heating of a large office building using seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage.- Thermal losses analysis of an interseasonal heat storage in the soil: field trials and numerical models.- Comparison between two different underground seasonal storage systems using a water vessel and soil heating tubes.- Physical model for the study of mass and energy transfers in the non-saturated layer of soil located above a solar energy storage zone.- Design and building of a test facility for thermal storage units between -30 C and +90 C.- Evaluation of the annual heat losses of an in-ground heat storage.- Sizing a latent heat storage with shell and tubes heat exchanger — A new simplified method.- Optimal control strategy of solar heating systems using a long term heat storage.- Expérimentation d’un système de chauffage utilisant pompe à chaleur et stockage de glace (résultats 82/83).- Experimentation of space heating by heliogeothermal doublet in Aulnay-sous-Bois.- Transient heat conduction in a PCM heat storage with metal structures.- Economic passive solar warm-air heating and ventilating system combined with short term storage within building components for residential houses.- Experimentation on a long term rock-bed thermal storage.- Project Wolfsburg-Glockenberg, IEA-task VII: central heating plants with seasonal storage.- Study of the thermal behaviour in free temperature evolution of a passive solar inhabited house with high inertia and long period soil ïfôat storage.- Thermal storage in phase change materials — Application to a solar air space heating system.- Energetic behaviour and economic evaluation of an inter-seasonal combined solar heat pump system for commercial building space conditioning.- Design considerations for short term heat storage systems.- Index of Authors.