Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology (Dover Earth Science)

PART I. THE EVOLVING LANDSCAPE Chapter 1. The Changing Scene Chapter 2. Geomorphology and the Field Problem Introduction A Mountain Block in a Semiarid Climate A Meandering River Cut into Bedrock Benches along a Sea Coast PART II. PROCESS AND FORM Chapter 3. Climate and Denudational Processes Introduction: Processes of Upbuilding and of Downwasting Characteristics and Classification of Processes Erodibility Morphogenetic Regions "Interaction of Vegetation, Runoff, and Sediment Yield: an Example " Effective Climate in Geomorphology The Annual Water Budget Distribution of the Total Water Supply Frequency Distribution of Climatic Events Streamflow Fluctuation Flood Frequency The Frequency Concept and Geomorphic Processes Landforms in Relation to Frequency of Climatic Events Chapter 4. Weathering Rocks and Water-the Components of Weathering Materials Subject to Weathering Composition of Rain and Snow in Relation to Weathering Mineral-water Reactions Products of Chemical Weathering and Some Determining Factors Products of Weathering-Clay Minerals Effects of Removal by Erosion Effects of Weathering Sequence Effects of Transport of Materials Effects of Precipitation and Temperature Organic Matter Processes of Physical Weathering Products of Physical Weathering Rates of Weathering Soils: Introduction Factors That Affect Soil Formation Precipitation Parent Material Topography Biologic Factors Chapter 5. The Drainage Basin as a Geomorphic Unit "Numbers, Lengths, and Orders of Stream Channels " Drainage Density and Texture Description of the Drainage Basin in Cross Section Chapter 6. Water and Sediment in Channels Introduction Forces Acting in Channels Velocity and Its Distribution Factors Controlling Flow Velocity Energy Losses in Streamflow Measurement of Velocity and Discharge The Debris Load of Rivers: Introduction The Nature of Fluid Force and Its Relation to Debris Movement Bed Load and Suspended Load Computation of Sediment Load Measurement of Sediment Load The Stream Bed and Its Description Chapter 7. Channel Form and Process Shape of the Channel Riffles and Bars Variation of Hydraulic Characteristics at a Given Cross Section River-bed Scour During Floods Variation of Hydraulic Characteristics in a Downstream Direction Longitudinal Profile of the River Channel Observations on Artificial Base Level "Equilibrium, River Profiles, and Channel Geometry " Channel Pattern: Introduction Straight Channels Braided Channels Geometry of Meanders Flow in Meanders Initiation and Development of Meanders Meandering Valleys The River Flood Plain: Introduction Floods and the Flood Plain Flood Plain Formation Chapter 8. Hillslope Characteristics and Processes Features of Slopes Controls of the Form of Hillslopes Relation to Lithology and Environmental Controls Mass Movements: Introduction Landslides and Rockfalls Rapid Flows of Wet Debris Creep Overland Flow: General Runoff Erosion Lithology and Form Climate and Form Examples of Slope Forms in Different Regions Spitzbergen and Scandinavia Central Appalachian Mountain Region Hawaii Southern Sudan Southwestern United States South Africa Some Generalizations on the Forms of Hillslopes PART III. THE EFFECTS OF TIME Chapter 9. Geochronology Introduction Historical Records Dendrochronology Archeological Methods Varves Pollen Analysis Radioactivity An Example of Geochronologic Problems Chapter 10. Drainage Pattern Evolution Development of Rill Systems Effect of Longitudinal Profile on Tributary Junctions Probability and the Drainage Network Evolution of the Drainage Net Modes of Drainage Extension Limits of Drainage Development Chapter 11. Channel Changes with Time Channel Aggradation and Accumulation of Valley Alluvium Degradation: Headcuts and Gullies The Discontinuous Gully Degradation of Channels as a Result of Changes in Hydrologic Regimen River Terraces Terrace Sequences and Correlation of Terrace Remnants Paleosols River Terraces and the Field Problem Chapter 12. Evolution of Hillslopes Divergent Views of Hillslope Evolution Types of Evidence Supporting Some Postulates On Landscape Evolution Ultimate Forms: Pediments .and Peneplains Models of Slope Evolution APPENDIX A.Conversion of Units and Equivalents APPENDIX B. Symbols and Nomenclature INDEX