Formal Logic

P. Lorenzen

ISBN 10: 9048183308 / ISBN 13: 9789048183302

Editore: Springer Netherlands, Springer Netherlands, 2010

Riguardo questo articolo

Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - 'Logic', one of the central words in Western intellectual history, compre hends in its meaning such diverse things as the Aristotelian syllogistic, the scholastic art of disputation, the transcendental logic of the Kantian critique, the dialectical logic of Hegel, and the mathematical logic of the Principia Mathematica of Whitehead and Russell. The term 'Formal Logic', following Kant is generally used to distinguish formal logical reasonings, precisely as formal, from the remaining universal truths based on reason. (Cf. SCHOLZ, 1931). A text-book example of a formal-logical inference which from 'Some men are philosophers' and 'All philosophers are wise' concludes that 'Some men are wise' is called formal, because the validity of this inference depends only on the form ofthe given sentences -in particular it does not depend on the truth or falsity of these sentences. (On the dependence of logic on natural language, English, for example, compare Section 1 and 8). The form of a sentence like 'Some men are philosophers', is that which remains preserved when the given predicates, here 'men' and 'philosophers' are replaced by arbitrary ones. The form itself can thus be represented by replacing the given predicates by variables. Variables are signs devoid of meaning, which may serve merely to indicate the place where meaningful constants (here the predicates) are to be inserted. As variables we shall use - as did Aristotle - letters, say P, Q and R, as variables for predicates.

Codice articolo 9789048183302

Dati bibliografici

• Titolo: Formal Logic
• Editore: Springer Netherlands, Springer Netherlands
• Data di pubblicazione: 2010
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 9048183308
• ISBN 13: 9789048183302
• Rilegatura: Taschenbuch
• Condizione: Neu
• Dimensioni: 235 L x 155 A x 8 P (millimetri) 235 millimetri di larghezza per 155 millimetri di altezza per 8 millimetri di profondità
• Peso: 219 grammi

Descrizione articolo

Riassunto

"Logic", one of the central words in Western intellectual history, compre­ hends in its meaning such diverse things as the Aristotelian syllogistic, the scholastic art of disputation, the transcendental logic of the Kantian critique, the dialectical logic of Hegel, and the mathematical logic of the Principia Mathematica of Whitehead and Russell. The term "Formal Logic", following Kant is generally used to distinguish formal logical reasonings, precisely as formal, from the remaining universal truths based on reason. (Cf. SCHOLZ, 1931). A text-book example of a formal-logical inference which from "Some men are philosophers" and "All philosophers are wise" concludes that "Some men are wise" is called formal, because the validity of this inference depends only on the form ofthe given sentences -in particular it does not depend on the truth or falsity of these sentences. (On the dependence of logic on natural language, English, for example, compare Section 1 and 8). The form of a sentence like "Some men are philosophers", is that which remains preserved when the given predicates, here "men" and "philosophers" are replaced by arbitrary ones. The form itself can thus be represented by replacing the given predicates by variables. Variables are signs devoid of meaning, which may serve merely to indicate the place where meaningful constants (here the predicates) are to be inserted. As variables we shall use - as did Aristotle - letters, say P, Q and R, as variables for predicates.

Contenuti

I Syllogistic.- II Classical Logic of Junctors.- III The Calculi of the Logic of Junctors.- IV Effective Logic of Junctors.- V Logic of Quantors.- VI Logic of Identity.- Table of Logical Signs.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.