Fuel Cell Technologies: State And Perspectives

Fuel Cells have become a potentially highly efficient sustainable source of energy and electricity for an ever-demanding power hungry world. The two main types of fuel cells ripe for commercialisation are the high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and the low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM). The commercial uses of which include, but are not limited to, military, stand-by power, commercial and industrial, and remoter power. However, all aspects of the electricity market are being considered.

This book has brought together a team of world-renowned experts in all aspects of fuel cell development for both SOFC and PEM in a workshop environment. The workshop held between June 6–10, 2004 was held in the capital city of the Ukraine, Kiev. The reason for the venue was that Ukraine is the third largest resource of zircon sands, a major source of material for the solid oxide fuel cell. Ukraine is looking at undertaking a very large effort in the solid oxide fuel cell arena, and hopes, one day, to be an international player in this market, and this book is an outcome from the workshop. The book focuses on the issues related to fuel cells, particularly the state-of-the-art internationally, the issues that were of particular interest for getting fuel cells fully commercialized, and advances in fuel cell materials and technology. The focus was on all types of fuel cells, but the emphasis was particularly on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), due to their importance to the host country. The book is an essential reference to researchers, academics and industrialists interested in up-to-date information on SOFC and PEM development.

Contributing Authors; Preface; Acknowledgments; HISTORIC ASPECTS OF FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE; O.D. Vasylyev.- SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS IN RUSSIA; A.K. Demin.- INTERMEDIATE-TEMPERATURE SOFC ELECTROLYTES; N. Sammes, Y. Du.- SCANDIA-ZIRCONIA ELECTROLYTES AND ELECTRODES FOR SOFCS; J.T.S. Irvine et al.- EXPLORATION OF COMBUSTION CVD METHOD FOR YSZ THIN FILM ELECTROLYTE OF SOLID OXIIJE FUEL CELLS; z. Xu et al.- DEVELOPMENT OF DMFC FOR PORTABLE APPLICATION; A. Smirnova et al; SYNTHESIS OF POROUS AND DENSE ELEMENTS OF SOFC BY ELECTRON BEAM PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (EBPVD); F.D. Lemkey, B.A. Movchan.- FULLERENE STRUCTURES SUITABLE FOR FUEL CELLS ELECTRODES; N. Koprinarov et al.- METALLIC MATERIALS IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS; V. Shemet et al.- SOFC WORLDWIDE - TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND EARLY APPLICATIONS; L. Blum et al, RECENT RESULTS OF STACK DEVELOPMENT AT FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH; R. Steinberger-Wilckens et al.- CONFIGURATION OF TWIN WALLS IN LSGMO; D.I. Savytskii et al .- STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND ION TRANSPORT IN LaSr2Fe1CrO8+8; V.L. Kpzhevnikov et al.- ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION BASED ON COAL SLURRY ELECTROLYSIS WITH SUBSEQUENT USAGE OF PRODUCED HYDROGEN IN FUEL CELLS; B.A. Troshen’kin , V.B. Troshken’kin.- RESULTS OF ORGANIC FUEL CONVERSION AT FUEL CELL TEST INSTALLATION; O.M. Dudnik, I.S. Sokolovska.- CIP-BASED FABRICATION OF SOFC CERAMIC COMPONENTS FROM OXIDE NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDER MATERIALS; G.YA. Akimov et al.- THE STATE OF FUEL CELLS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE; V.YU. Baklan et al.- SYNTHESIS OF CERMET Sr(Ti,Fe)O38-PtRu BY COMBUSTION; E. Chinarro et al.- HYDROGEN STORAGE IN METAL HYDRIDE UNDER ACTION OF SUNLIGHT; YU.M. Solonin et al.- HYDRIDES OF TRANSITION METALS AS HYDROGEN ACCUMULATORS FOR POWER ENGINEERiNG; YU.M. Goryachev et al.- MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS; S.A. Grigoriev et al.- EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF METAL- HYDRIDE REACTORS; Y. Kaplan et al.- CELLULOSE-PRECURSORSYNTHESIS OF ELECTROCATALYTICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SOFCs AND MIXED-CONDUCTING MEMBRANE REACTORS; E.V. Tsipis et al.- GLASS-CERAMIC SEALANTS FOR SOFC-BASED SYSTEMS; V.V. Kharton et al.- EFFECT OF 'UPHILL' DIFFUSION IN SOLID ELECTROLYTES Zr02+8mol.%5c203 AND Zr02 +8mol.% Y2O3; V.1. Barbashov, YU. A. Komysa.- NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS OF LSM SOFC CATHODE MATERIALS; l.A. Danilenko, T.E. Konctantinova.- PERSPECTIVE MATERIALS FOR APPLICATION IN FUEL-CELL TECHNOLOGIES; M. Kuzmenko, N. Poryadchenko.- ELECTROCONDUCTIVITY OF THE OXDE INTERLANTHANOIDS WITH PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE ; V.V. Lashneva, V.A. Dubok.- ELECTROCONDUCTIVITY OF THE BULK AND GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN THE O.8CeO2-O.2Gd2O3 ELECTROLYTE PREPARED FROM NANOPOWDERS ; A.S. Lipilin et al.- A TWO PHASE MODEL FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS; M. D. Mat et al.- EFFECT OF IRON OXIDE ON STRUCTURE OF Y-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA CERAMIC ;E.V. Pashkova et al.- STRUCTURE, THERMAL EXPANSION AND PHASE TRANSITION IN Lao92Sroo8Gao92Tioo8O3 SINGLE CRYSTAL; YE. Pivak et al.- INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEN INFLUENCE ON STRUCTURE OF AMORPHOUS ALLOYS Mg-Cu-Y AND Mg-Ni-Y BY NEW METHOD OF DIFRACTION FROM ATOMIC COORDINATE SPHERS;O.P. Rachek et al.-THE YSZ ELECTROLYTE SURFACE LAYER: EXISTENCE, PROPERTIES, AND EFFECT ON ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS; S. N. Shkerin.- SOLID ELECTROLYTES FROM STABILIZED ZIRCONIUM OXIDE THAT ARE DEVELOPED IN O.J.S.C. 'UKRAINIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF REFRACTORIES NAMED AFTER A.S.BEREZFINOY'; V.V. Primachenko et al.- NANOCRISTALLINE POWDERS SYSTEM Zr02 - Sc203 FOR SOLID-STATE COMBUSTION CELLS; V.G. Vereschak et al.- STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES AND PROPERTIES OF (La,Sr)(Mn,Me)03 (Me=Cu,Cr) ;O.I. V’yunov et al.- SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF TRANSITION METAL VALENCE STATE IN MIXED-VALENCE COMPOUNDS; A.V. Zyrin, T.N. Bondarenko.- PEROVSKITE RELATED MATERIALS FOR CATHODE APPLICATIONS; S. J. Skinner et al.- PURE HYDROGEN FOR FUEL CELLS: A NOVEL DESIGN OF COMPACT ENDOTHERMIC CATALYTIC STEAM REFORMER; A. Tomasi et al.- MICROSTRUCTURAL