Function and Structure of the Immune System

This volume represents the Proceedings of the VI. International Conference on Lymphatic Tissues and Germinal Centers in Immune Reactions. The Meeting took place in Damp, a small resort with great facilities on the shores of the Baltic Sea near Kiel on June 11 - 16, 1978. Both, the Genius loci and the God of Weathers were charming enough to stimulate the many participants from all continents and also to facilitate the establishment and/or maintenance of close contacts outside the sessions. The organizers of this Conference have tried to remind the scientific community of the necessity to (re-) consider sufficiently the role of morphological studies for a thorough understanding of immune reactions. Furthermore, they have been anxious to emphasize a closer connection between analytical work and biological relevance of the phenomena observed. Thus, three main trends were formulated: (1) connections and correlations between function and structure, (2) in-vivo relevance of in-vitro models and (3) clinical relevance of experimental models. The programme, induced by these outlines and reflected by the contents of this volume, covers a remarkably broad field of interests and activities. It is set in order under nine session chapters. Each of them may allow the reader to answer for himself the question how far the above trends have been recognized, especially when considering the variety of new methodological approaches reported.

Introductory Remarks.- Session A 1 Lymphoid Cell Differentiation and Traffic.- Introduction: On the 20th Anniversary of a Scientific Discovery.- Ontogenetic Differentiation of Epithelial and Non-Epithelial Cells in the Human Thymus.- Antigenic Changes Associated with Chicken B Lymphocyte Development.- Evidence for Surface Antigen(s) Specific for a Sub-population of Peripheral B and T Lymphocytes in the Chicken.- Separation of Germinal Centres from Chicken Spleen.- Germinal Centres and the B-Cell System: A Search for the Germinal Centre Precursor Cell in the Rat.- Migratory Patterns of the Ly Subsets of T Lymphocytes in the Mouse.- Correlation of Immunogenetic and Histological Changes in Imnunodeficient Mutant hr/hr Mice.- Morphology of the Extrafollicular Zone and Pseudo-Follicles of the Rat Lymph Node, and Their Role in Lymphocyte Traffic.- Lymphocyte-High Endothelial Venule Interactions: Examination of Species Specificity.- Basic Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Recirculation in Lewis Rats.- The Effect of Cytoskeletal Inhibitors on the Migration of Lymphocytes across Vascular Endothelium.- New Evidence on Control Mechanisms in Lymphocyte Traffic.- Separation of Earthworm Coelomocytes by Velocity Sedimentation.- Two Subpopulations of Cortisone-Resistant Lymphoid Cells in the Rabbit Thymus.- Development of an Isotope Dilution Assay to Determine the T-Cell Mass in Guinea Pigs.- Lymphocyte Production and Organ Distribution of Newly Formed Lymphocytes after Selective 3H-Deoxycytidine Labelling of Mesenteric Lymph Nodes.- Germinal Centers and the B-Cell System: B Cell Differentiation in Rabbit Appendix Germinal Centers.- The Influence of the Thymus upon the Number and Class Distribution of Immunoglobulin Containing Cells in the Bone Marrow and Other Lymphoid Organs of the Mouse.- Summing-up.- Session A 2 Immunological Function of Cell Surface Structures.- Introduction: The Immunoglobulin-like T Cell Receptor Problem.- Isolation and Partial Identification of Immunoglobulin from T Cells.- Codistribution of Antigen and Fab Determinants on Thymic Antigen-Binding Cells.- Ontogeny of Spontaneous Rosette Forming Cells in Mice.- Multiple Ig Classes on Rabbit B Lymphocytes.- C3 Receptors and Membrane Complement Components on Lymphocytes Jointly Cause Binding of EAC.- C3 and C5 Compete for the Same Binding Site on Complement Receptor Cells.- Inhibition of C3b and C3d Receptor Activity by Xenoantisera Prepared by Immunization with Cell-Bound C3 Receptor Protein.- Modulation of the Immune Response by Pretreatment of Antigen with Complement.- Characterization of an IgG-Fc Receptor Protein Isolated from Human B-Prolymphocytic and B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells.- Antisera Cause Alterations in Morphology and Enzyme Activity in the Plasma Membrane of Rat Thymocytes.- Modulation of Cell Membrane Antigens During Differentiation of Rat T-Lymphocytes.- Interactions Between Neuraminidase-Treated Lymphocytes and Liver Cells.- Immunological Characteristics of Neo-Antigens on the Cell Surface After Neuraminidase Treatment.- Carbohydrate Incorporation into Glycoconjugates of Mouse Thymocytes During Con A Stimulation — Involvement of Two Subpopulations.- Are Endogenous C-Type Viruses Physiologically Required for the Regulation of the Humoral Immune Response?.- Plating Inhibition Assay (PIA): A New Test for Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity.- Summing-Up: Lymphocyte Receptors.- Session A 3 Immunological Tolerance (Suppression/Deletion).- Differentiation of B Cells and the Clonal Abortion Theory.- Permanent Abolition of Reactivity to Major Histocompatibility Antigens Requires Elimination of Prethymic Precursors.- Survival and Immunological Responsiveness of Rat-Mouse Bone Marrow Chimeras.- The Control of Autoreactive Lymphocytes by a Receptor Blockade Mechanism.- Stimulation of Natural Antibodies by Self Antigens.- The Role of Antigen-Antibody Complexes in Generating Immunological Memory and Auto-Antiidiotypic Immunity.- Germinal Center Formation in BSA-Tolerant Chickens.- Studies of Allospecific Suppressor Cells in Culture.- Regulation of Delayed Type Hypersensitivity to Sheep Red Blood Cells: Demonstration of Suppressor T Cells and a Soluble Suppressor Factor.- Induction of Tolerance to DNCB-Contact Sensitivity in Guinea Pig Fetuses.- Suppressor Cells for in Vivo Cytotoxic Responses — Regulation of the in Vivo Activation of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes by Suppressor Cells.- Demonstration of Cell Mediated Autoimmunity and Induction of a Suppressive Control Mechanism.- Suppressor T Cells in Induction and Maintenance of Low Zone Tolerance to Bovine Serum Albumin.- Cation-Induced Immunosuppression: The Effect of Lithium on Arthus Reactivity, Delayed Hypersensitivity and Antibody Production in the Rat.- Characterization of Reactive and Suppressive Cells in the Mouse Embryonic Liver by Peanut Agglutinin (PNA).- The Effect of Adjuvant Induced Suppressor Cells on in Vitro and in Vivo Lymphocyte Responses.- Middle Ear Transplantation: A New Concept in Clinical Otology.- Summing-Up.- Session A 4 In Vivo Relevance of Non-Lymphoid Cells in the Immune Reaction.- Introduction: Heterogeneity of the Cellular Immune Response.- Mast Cells in Local Antibody Formation and Allograft Rejection.- Marginal Zone and Marginal Sinus Macrophages in the Mouse are Distinct Populations.- Cells Containing Birbeck Granules in the Lymph and the Lymph Node.- Macrophage-Lymphocyte Interaction Following Concanavalin A-Stimulation As Monitored by Chemiluminescence.- Cell Cooperations in the Mitogen-Induced Transformation of Human Blood Lymphocytes in Healthy Persons and in Hodgkin’s Disease.- The Antigen Binding Dendritic Cell of the Lymphoid Follicles: Evidence Indicating Its Role in the Maintenance and Regulation of Serum Antibody Levels.- The Concept of Drug-Carriers in the Treatment of Parasitic Diseases.- Recycling (Shuttle) of Cell Surface During Endocytosis.- The Effect of Various Prostaglandins on Plasma Membrane Receptors and Function of Mouse Macrophages.- Modulation of Phagocytosis Induced Prostaglandin Release from Macrophages.- Neoformation of Lymphatics in the Mouse Omentum.- Properties of Mononuclear Phagocytes Derived from the Small Intestinal Wall of Rats.- Graft-Versus-Host Induced Immunosuppression Associated with an Increased Thymic Mitogen Response.- Thymic Microenvironment Changes Associated with Graft-Versus-Host Immunosuppression.- Local Cellular Reactions following Intracutaneous Injections of Various Adjuvants in Rats and Guinea-Pigs.- Summing-Up.- Session A 5 Soluble Mediators of Immunity.- Studies on MIF and the Role of Macrophage Associated Esterases in the Response of the Macrophage to MIF.- Chemical Characterization of Radiolabeled Lymphocyte Activation Products of Guinea Pig Associated with Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Activity (MIF).- Murine MIF Does Not Contain Ia Determinants.- Different Cellular Site for the Production of Murine Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Immune Interferon (Type 11).- Biochemical Characterization of the Human Lymphokine Leukocyte Migration Inhibitory Factor (LIF): Role of cGMP as a Specific Inhibitor of the LIF Esterase Activity.- Some Characteristics of the Antigen — Dependent Migration Inhibition Factor.- A Mediator Acting as a Costimulator for the Development of Cytotoxic Responses in Vitro.- Colony Stimulating Activity of Human Spleen Cell Culture Supernatants.- Detection of Thymosin in Thymic Epithelial Cells by an Immunoperoxidase Method.- Characterization of Thymus Extracts Which Stimulate Incorporation of Galactose into Glycoconjugates of Rat Bone Marrow Cells.- Generation of an Eosinophilotactic Factor from Human PMNs by Various Mechanisms of Cell Activation.- The Effect of Histamine on Lymphocytes: Release of an Inhibitor of Eosinophil Chemotactic Migration.- Summing-up.- Session B 1 Functional and Morphological Aspects of Malignant Lymphomas.- Multidisciplinary Study of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Electron Microscopy, Immune- and Enzyme- Histochemistry.- Correlation of Biochemical and Immunological Markers with Conventional Morphology and Clinical Features in 120 Patients with Malignant Lymphomas.- Biology of Lymphoma Transformation.- Demonstration of Intracytoplasmic Immunoglobulin, Lysozyme, and Albumin and Isoelectric Focusing Pattern of Tissue Immunoglobulin in So-Called Reticulum Cell Sarcoma (Immunoblastic or Large Cell Lymphoma).- Alkaline Phosphatase Positive Lymphomas and Lymphocytes.- Definition of Germinal Center Cell-Derived Lymphomas by Analysis of Complement Receptor Subtypes and Morphological Criteria.- Spleen Cell Populations in Hodgkin’s Disease.- Isoelectric Focusing Pattern of Acid Phosphatase in Normal Splenic Tissue, in the Lysosomal Fraction of Viable Splenic Lymphocytes and in Cases of Hairy Cell Leukemia.- A Molecular Approach Delineating Surface Markers on Human T-Lymphocytes.- Effect of Thymic Humoral Factor (THF) in Vitro on Bone Marrow and Blood Cells from B, T and Null Cell Acute Lymphatic Leukemia (ALL).- Serum and Secretory Immunoglobulin Levels in Pre-leukaemic AKR Mice and Three Other Mouse Strains.- Adult T Cell Leukemia. Histological Features of the Lymphoid Tissues.- Membrane Glycoprotein Patterns of Normal and Malignant Human Leukocytes.- In Vivo Activity of Lymphocytes Sensitized in Vitro by Antigen-Fed Macrophages: Inhibition of Lymphoma Growth.- Summing-up.- Session B 2 Immunopathology of Parasitic Diseases.- Malaria Infection in Mice. Plasmodium Berghei Infection in Mice: A Model for Immune Complex Disease and Autoimmunity.- Suppressor Cells in Trypanosoma Congolense-Infected Mice.- Immune Depression in Trypanosoma Congolense-Infected Mice.- Relevance of Polyclonal Antibody Formation to the Development of Autoimmunity: The Model of African Trypanosomiasis.- In Vivo and in Vitro Interaction of Trypanosoma Cruzi with Mouse Macrophages and Heart Muscle Cells — Film Presentation.- Comparison of the Ability of Eosinophils and Neutrophils, and of Eosinophils from Patients with S. Mansoni Infection and Normal Individuals, to Mediate in Vitro Damage to Schistosomula of S. Mansoni.- Significance of Local Formation of Immune Complexes within Granulomata in Schistosomiasis.- Thymus-Dependence and Kinetics of Intestinal Mast Cells and Globule Leucocytes.- Inhibition of Lymphocyte Proliferation During Parasitic Infection with Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis.- Immunopathology of M. Lepremurium (MLM) Infection in B6 C3HAN and (C3HxB6) F1 Mice.- Genetics and Mechanisms of Resistance or Susceptibility to Murine Listeriosis.- Genetic Control of Susceptibility to T. Congolense Infection in Inbred Strains of Mice.- Session C Immunological Reactions and Immunotherapy of Malignant Diseases.- Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (?2-PAG) in the Sera of Children with Malignancies.- Circulating Human T Cell Subset with a Reversible E-Rosetting Capacity in Cancer and Normals-Hypothesis on the Regulatory Mechanism Influencing Their Role in CMI.- A Tumor T Cell Line Which Can Be Specifically Activated by Antigen.- A Model of Target Cell Recognition and Lysis by Natural Killer Cells.- The Stimulation of a T Cell Response in the Syngeneic Host by the P-815 Mastocytoma Cell and the Isolation of a Tumor-Associated Antigen Which Has Some H-2 Antigen Characteristics.- Cytotoxic T Cell Responses to a Syngeneic Tumour: Conditions for Primary Activation in Vitro and Biological Activity in Vivo.- Opposite Effects of T-Cells on Syngeneic Tumor Growth in Vivo: Tumor Inhibition by Mature Lymphocytes and Enhancement of the Same Tumors by Immature Cells.- Tumor Metastases and Cell-Mediated Immunity in a Model System in DBA/2 Mice. 2. Characteristics of a Metastasizing Variant of a Chemically Induced Lymphoma.- Characterization of Lymphocytes Invading Experimental Tumors.- Functional Activity of Human Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages.- Approaches to Effective Tumor Immunotherapy with Cells and the Enzyme Neuraminidase.- Summing-Up.- Session D Immunoprophylaxis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases.- The Production and Role of Cytotoxic T Cells in Influenza Virus Infection in Mice: Do the Same Rules Apply in the Response to Any Foreign Antigen?.- Virus Spike Protein Complexes and Virosomes as Effective Subunit Vaccines.- Posttransfusion Hepatitis (PTH): Frequency, Serological Type and Possible Role of Pre-Existing Anti-HBs in Protection.- Immunopathological Alterations of Lymphatic Tissues in Mice Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus.- Light and Electron Microscopic Characteristics of Sinus Reactions and Cellular Traffic in the Hilar Lymph Node Complex (HLNC) in Rabbits Undergoing a Pulmonary Cell-Mediated Immune Reaction.- Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Multiple Myeloma.- Closing Session Conclusions and Outlook.- General Summary.