The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, Third Edition (Mycology)

The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, Third Edition addresses many of the questions related to the observations, characterizations, and functional attributes of fungal assemblages and their interaction with the environment and other organisms. This edition promotes awareness of the functional methods of classification over taxonomic methods, and approaches the concept of fungal communities from an ecological perspective, rather than from a fungicentric view. It has expanded to examine issues of global and local biodiversity, the problems associated with exotic species, and the debate concerning diversity and function. The third edition also focuses on current ecological discussions - diversity and function, scaling issues, disturbance, and invasive species - from a fungal perspective. In order to address these concepts, the book examines the appropriate techniques to identify fungi, calculate their abundance, determine their associations among themselves and other organisms, and measure their individual and community function. This book explains attempts to scale these measures from the microscopic cell level through local, landscape, and ecosystem levels. The totality of the ideas, methods, and results presented by the contributing authors points to the future direction of mycology.

Introduction, J. Dighton, J.F. White, Jr., and P. Oudemans

STRUCTURE OF FUNGAL COMMUNITIES
Linking Function between Scales of Resolution, S.J. Morris and G.P. Robertson
Fungal Communities: Their Diversity and Distribution, D.L. Hawksworth and G.M. Mueller
Freshwater Fungal Communities, F. Bärlocher
Marine Fungal Communities, T. Kis-Papo
Tropical Fungi, K.D. Hyde, L. Cai, and R. Jeewon
Lichens and Microfungi in Biological Soil Crusts: Community Structure, Physiology, and Ecological Functions, J. Belnap and O.L. Lange
Mycorrhizal Fungi in Successional Environments: A Community Assembly Model Incorporating Host Plant, Environmental, and Biotic Filters, A. Jumpponen and L.M. Egerton-Warburton
Fungal Communities: Relation to Resource Succession, J.-F. Ponge
Emerging Perspectives on the Ecological Roles of Endophytic Fungi in Tropical Plants, S.A. Van Bael, Z. Maynard, E. Rojas, L.C. Mejia, D.A. Kyllo, and E.A. Herre, N. Robbins, J.F. Bischoff, and A.E. Arnold
Classical Methods and Modern Analysis for Studying Fungal Diversity, J.P. Schmit and D.J. Lodge
Fungal Diversity in Molecular Terms: Profiling, Identification, and
Quantification in the Environment, M.I. Bidartondo and M. Gardes
Analytical and Experimental Methods for Estimating Population Genetic Structure of Fungi, J. Zhan and B.A. McDonald
Interspecific Interaction Terminology: From Mycology to General Ecology, A.R. Tuininga

FUNCTION OF FUNGAL COMMUNITIES
Fungal Activity as Determined by Microscale Methods with Special Emphasis on Interactions with Heavy Metals, K. Turnau and I. Kottke
Exploring Fungal Activity with Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, K.J. Czymmek
Enzymatic Activities of Mycelia in Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities, B.D. Lindahl, R.D. Finlay, and J.W.G. Cairney
Fungal Enzymes at the Community Scale, R.L. Sinsabaugh
Using Isotopic Tracers to Follow Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling of Fungi, E.A. Hobbie
Diversity-Functioning Relationships in Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities, J.W. Baxter and J. Dighton
Fungi, Bacteria, and Viruses as Pathogens of the Fungal Community, D.Y. Kobayashi and B.I. Hillman
Fungal Endophytes in Terrestrial Communities and Ecosystems, J.A. Rudgers and K. Clay
Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mediation of Plant-Plant Interactions, J.D. Bever and P.A. Schultz
Impacts of Plant Pathogenic Fungi on Plant Communities, E.M. Hansen and J.K. Stone
The Epichloë Endophytes of Grasses and the Symbiotic Continuum, C.L. Schardl and A. Leuchtmann
Evolutionary Development of the Clavicipitaceae, J.F. Bischoff and J.F. White, Jr.
Ecological Fitness Factors for Fungi within the Balansieae and Clavicipiteae, C.W. Bacon and P. Lyons
Fungal Communities of Seaweeds, A. Zuccaro and J.I. Mitchell
Trophic Interactions of Fungi and Animals, L. Ruess and J. Lussenhop
Sporocarp Mycophagy: Nutritional, Behavioral, Evolutionary, and Physiological Aspects, A.W. Claridge and J. M. Trappe
Hypogeous Fungi: Evolution of Reproductive and Dispersal Strategies through Interactions with Animals and Mycorrhizal Plants, J.M. Trappe and A.W. Claridge

HUMAN IMPACTS ON FUNGAL COMMUNITIES AND THEIR FUNCTION
Human Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: An Overview, M.J. Swift
Oligotrophic Growth of Fungi, M. Wainwright
Fungal Communities of Desert Ecosystems: Links to Climate Change, John Zak
Symbiotic Lifestyle Expression by Fungal Endophytes and the Adaptation of Plants to Stress: Unraveling the Complexities of Intimacy, R.J. Rodriguez, R.S. Redman, and J.M. Henson
Biological Soil Crusts and Global Changes: What Does the Future Hold? J. Belnap and O.L. Lange
Nutrient Acquisition Strategies of Fungi and Their Relation to Elevated Atmospheric CO2, K.K. Treseder
Toxic Metals and Fungal Communities, M. Fomina, E.P. Burford, and G. M. Gadd
Radionuclides and Fungal Communities, N.N. Zhdanova, V.A. Zakharchenko, and K. Haselwandter
How Do Composition, Structure, and Function of Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Respond to Nitrogen Deposition and Ozone Exposure?
E.A. Lilleskov
Micromycete Associations in the Rhizosphere of Steppe and Agrophytocenose Plants, E. Golovko and N. Ellanska
Fungal Communities of Agroecosystems, M.E. Stromberger
Effects of Forest Management on Fungal Communities, D.M. Durall, M.D. Jones, and K.J. Lewis
Exotic Species and Fungi: Interactions with Fungal, Plant, and Animal Communities, D.M. Rizzo

PRESERVING FUNGAL COMMUNITIES
Fungal Conservation: Some Impressions - A Personal View, R. Watling