Gender, Development, and Poverty Focus on Gender
Lingua: inglese
Editore: Oxfam, 2002
- Brossura
- Nuovo
Da: PBShop.store US, Wood Dale, IL, U.S.A.PBShop.store US
Venditore AbeBooks dal 7 aprile 2005
Condizione: Nuovo
EUR 24,88
Quantità: 15 disponibili
Aggiungi al carrelloDescrizione dell’articolo da parte del venditore
New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.
Codice articolo CX-9780855984809
- Titolo
- Gender, Development, and Poverty Focus on Gender
- Editore
- Oxfam
- Anno di pubblicazione
- 2002
- Condizione
- New
- Rilegatura
- PAP
- Lingua
- inglese
- ISBN 10
- 0855984805
- ISBN 13
- 9780855984809
- Peso dell'articolo
- 309 grammi
This book examines the complex links between poverty and inequality between women and men. It shows how gender inequalities impact on men’s, women’s and children’s experiences of poverty, and demonstrates the importance of integrating gender analysis into every aspect of development initiatives. Covering a range of issues including macro-level neoliberal restructuring, poverty reduction strategies, gender budgets, education, HIV/AIDS, globalization and poverty in the North, the contributors bring new insights into the impacts of gender-blind development policies at all levels. Illustrating their analysis with examples from Peru, Sudan, Tanzania, Ghana, Togo, and the UK, they show how gender equality forms an integral part of "development," which must be mainstreamed into all poverty alleviation programs and development initiatives.
"Riassunto" può appartenere a un’altra edizione di questo titolo.
Estratto. © Ristampato con autorizzazione. Tutti i diritti riservati.
Gender, Development and Poverty
By Caroline SweetmanOxfam Publishing
All rights reserved.
Contents
Editorial Caroline Sweetman, 2,
Passing the buck? Money literacy and alternatives to credit and savings schemes Helen Pankhurst, 10,
Challenges for integrating gender into poverty alleviation programmes: lessons from Sudan Abdal Monium Khidir Osman, 22,
Alive and kicking: women's and men's responses to poverty and globalisation in the UK Jo Rowlands, 31,
Women's oral knowledge and the poverty of formal education in the SE Peruvian Amazon Sheila Aikman, 41,
Poverty, HIV, and barriers to education: street children's experiences in Tanzania Ruth Evans, 51,
Gender, poverty, and intergenerational vulnerability to HIV/AIDS Mohga Kamal Smith, 63,
Resisting austerity: a gendered perspective on neo-liberal restructuring in Peru Maureen Hays-Mitchell, 71,
Gender budgets: what's in it for NGOs? Debbie Budlender, 82,
'Engendering' Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs): the issues and the challenges Elaine Zuckerman, 88,
Resources Compiled by Ruth Evans, 95,
Publications, 99,
Journals, 99,
Electronic resources, 99,
Organisations, 100,
Videos, 101,
Conferences, 102,
CHAPTER 1
Passing the buck?
Money literacy and alternatives to credit and savings schemes
Helen Pankhurst
Credit and savings schemes have much appeal for many different actors involved in development. They offer one of the few economic blueprints for tackling poverty. However, there is a growing consensus that their gains are highly exaggerated. They do not address structural issues such as intra-household relations of power and rights, or inequalities created at the global level, which have a detrimental impact on equitable development. These schemes are also unsustainable, seldom managing to cover costs and increase their capital base. If future credit and savings schemes are to be effective in poverty alleviation, they need to make stronger linkages between the macro- and microeconomies, and understand economic interventions as part of a wider programme of women's empowerment. This article draws on examples and lessons learned by Womankind Worldwide and its international partners, to illustrate these points.
The visibility of women in a particular development sector, and, even more unusually, the existence of some gendered rationale for increasing their involvement, makes a refreshing change in development practice. Women's economic poverty is highlighted by the oft-quoted statistic that women represent 70 per cent of the poor (UN 1995), and this is a common justification for targeting women in credit provision. However, there is another reason for women's greater visibility in credit and savings schemes: their involvement in income-generation is believed to be a more effective path to poverty alleviation in households and communities. Women are said to be more 'prudent' and 'trustworthy' in terms of repayment, and they are easier to find if they fail to repay their debt. The link between mothers' income and family welfare is also made – that is, the fact that women are more likely than men to prioritise spending income on the needs of their family.
A short critique of the pros and cons of credit and savings schemes follows, before I move on to discuss Womankind Worldwide's approach to women's poverty, and work which has been undertaken with Womankind's partners to achieve sustainable livelihoods for women in poverty, from micro- to macro-level.
A critique of credit and saving schemes: the pros and cons
With few other forms of alternative microeconomic initiatives on offer, credit and savings schemes are seen as a useful support for many poor people. It is argued that the key benefit is that they can provide a resource to people otherwise left out of the loop, who would have to resort to less favourable lending and savings possibilities; being forced, for example, to bear the very high rates of moneylenders, or having to put their savings under the bed. These schemes can allow people to pursue and protect their livelihoods, and repeat loans can be given, so that the schemes become part of a long-term support system that reduces vulnerability. Access to loans of increasing size provides the possibility of stepping up the economic ladder. Proponents of credit and savings argue that the schemes also avoid creating dependency; rather, they are premised on a business relationship, hence the focus on repayments with interest.
Credit and savings schemes are widely understood to be a springboard for other forms of individual and communal capacity-building: a means to a much greater end. Joining a credit and savings scheme may increase levels of self-esteem and self-worth for individuals, whilst the process of coming together in groups, developing a system of group management, and so on, can open doors leading to wider change and empowerment.
Credit schemes are assumed to be a form of economic development which is cost-effective, efficient, and relatively easy to administer. A group of clients can be inducted, trained, and monitored together. Group collateral, guarantors and group management systems can be adopted, and credit and savings operations can be consolidated into single accounts to maximise returns.
The combination of group structure and individual reward fits well with the predominant global neo-liberal economic ideology and the importance attached to community initiatives and active civil society. Credit schemes therefore offer the best of both worlds, seeming to meet both financial backers' and development practitioners' ideological and financial interests: ideological interests because of long term development goals, and financial interests in the sense that a single injection of capital – if managed 'properly' – can be seen to continue working by rotating indefinitely. This kind of development work is therefore seen to be good value for money.
The arguments against
Credit and savings schemes currently play a very visible role in poverty reduction strategies in the developing world. However, critics maintain that all they amount to is a banking service. Credit and savings schemes, when offered on their own, ignore the structural roots that make poverty stick. They do not tackle the underlying causes of poverty and vulnerability. Instead they assume that individuals can escape, by 'pulling themselves up by their bootstraps'.
Credit schemes only offer an advance on earnings. The money is not a grant, but a loan which carries risks. Basic economic theory highlights the fact that a desire to avert and minimise risk is a key element of human behaviour. Despite the clear association between poverty and particular reluctance to be exposed to risk, credit schemes are being heralded worldwide as a method of poverty alleviation.
Ensuring the sustainability of credit and savings schemes is often a goal as elusive as poverty reduction. Torn between the goals of organisational financial sustainability and poverty reduction, compromises are often made. In true capitalist spirit, the direct economic activity for which credit is given tends to be decided upon by individuals who are motivated to work in private endeavours. Schemes supporting joint income-generation activities are the exception rather than the rule. In a model of working within groups for individual financial gain, the issue of inter-household relations of power and rights are rarely addressed. The way that these individuals and groups relate to other socio-economic structures, particularly to the household and to other kinship structures, is ignored. Yet it is these other structures that centrally affect people's access to key resources such as land, labour and capital. The real costs of this form of economic support include the stresses and strains of maintaining group cohesion and the issue of people, often the most vulnerable, dropping out. Problems within groups and issues of exclusion from them are rarely brought to the fore in assessments about credit and savings schemes.
In practice, few credit and savings schemes manage to cover costs and accumulate capital. However, most measure their success primarily in these terms – as if there are no other valid measurements of success, and despite the fact that the financial sustainability measure is rarely applied with such rigour to many other forms of development assistance. NGOs, bilateral agencies and governments have, in my view, focused on the issue of financial sustainability in ways that respond first and foremost to their own financial constraints. The gains of such schemes are invariably romanticised, and there is a silence around the costs.
Although women are increasingly targeted in credit and savings schemes and the language used is sometimes that of empowerment, the rationale behind the interest in women's involvement is problematic. By increasing the burden on women, and making them responsible for repayment, such schemes use women as instruments to achieve efficiency and sustainability, while actually exacerbating their poverty and vulnerability. Promoting women's involvement is rarely seen in terms of promoting their economic rights and the schemes fail to engage with the root causes of women's subordination. At different points in their life, women's rights to property are subsumed by those of their husbands, fathers, or sons. Likewise, options open to them in terms of choice of economic activity are often narrowed down by traditional perceptions of the sexual division of labour. Credit schemes that fail to look into these realities fail to address the need for a more fundamental change in ownership rights in society.
NGOs and women's organisations involved in credit and saving schemes often become involved in a policing role associated with repayment. The bulk of the effort of such organisations turns to issues of ensuring high repayment rates, and the difficulties of making the scheme work profitably. The reasons for women encountering problems with repayments – that is, constraints to individual women brought about by culture, tradition, laws, and much else besides – can cease to be the central concern.
At the level of service delivery, there is a lack of co-ordination which almost amounts to a culture of individualism between various micro-credit schemes (whether NGO- or government-led). The result is confusion for potential users of the services, with different rules and regulations to consider, patchy coverage (some communities, or groups within them offered a range of options, and others none at all) and people being able to play one scheme off against the other.
Issues of limited markets, and saturation of markets are a key constraint for almost all schemes. Poor women are likely to have a narrow choice of economic activities because of lack of resources, their existing reproductive and social roles, and cultural prohibitions on women doing particular kinds of work. The markets for activities that are open to them tend to get saturated, and profit margins are driven down. Unless these issues are addressed and market analyses made to identify new options, more money borrowed by groups of women in the same areas can yield limited benefits.
Credit schemes operate at the microeconomic level without giving attention to the macro-level reasons for poverty and inequality, and the ultimate goal of removing the need for such schemes. Work at the micro-level must be undertaken with a full realisation that action for change to national and international policies is required. Many service delivery-oriented NGOs do not engage in dialogue with policy-makers, and rarely consider economic issues within the wider context of the community as a whole. The contradictions between micro- and macro-level policies are thus ignored, and the potential to change macro-policy lost.
To sum up, although saving and credit schemes provide banking services that can be useful to millions of poor people, they do not engage centrally with the reality of poor people's experiences of making money. Questions remain; for instance, in whose interest are these schemes? Are development organisations 'passing the buck'? A poverty-eradication strategy related to people's struggles and needs requires a more holistic approach, based on a more grounded overview of the constraints that people face.
Women's poverty and the 'literacy' approach
Womankind Worldwide is a UK-based international women's rights and development organisation which, together with its local partner organisations, has been grappling with many of the issues outlined above. Our approach to the issues of women's rights has evolved over the 13 years of Womankind's existence, taking into account lessons learned in the process. Two key strategies that have emerged are the concept of the 'four literacies', and the concept of the 'four tiers of activism'. Both of these shift the attention away from the resource provided to an individual or group – for example, provision of credit – to focus on a holistic and integrated approach through which people can gain knowledge and information, and hence power.
The conceptual framework of the 'four literacies' can be summarised as follows:
Each 'literacy' represents one component of women's rights. Work with partner organisations and with women themselves aims to overcome barriers to women attaining the literacies. The fact that the framework recognises the existence of linkages between the literacies means it provides an integrated approach to women's empowerment, which links development to social and political change. Although this article is most immediately concerned with money literacy, the issues it raises are also connected in various ways to the other literacies.
Womankind places its efforts on four levels: awareness-raising; individual- and community-level support; capacity-building of local organisations; and policy work. We have found that the most effective work relies on interventions at all levels, creating a momentum which can lead to real change. Womankind and its partners aim to look at women's position, addressing the interconnectedness of constraints. We aim to bring NGOs together, supporting and valuing the direct work they do with particular communities, but also looking for opportunities for 'peer learning' with other organisations, in the form of joint awareness-raising, lobbying, or policy work.
Our vision of peer-level learning is summarised in Figure 1. Starting from the bottom of the diagram, the four tiers of activism include in practice:
• Facilitating joint awareness-raising events (for example, demonstrations) or materials (for example, posters)
• Providing services and supporting capacity-building of individuals, and community-based groups
• Facilitating exchange visits for community members
• Supporting individual NGOs
• Forging programme links between a group of NGOs (joint funding, joint training)
• Forging links between bodies at macro-level, for example, NGO and government policy-makers
• Using individuals' stories to raise awareness and advocate for policy change (in person, and via briefing papers), and looking at ways in which existing policies can be made more useful to individuals.
Using the four literacies approach
Training in money literacy
As with most other credit and savings schemes, the ones administered by Womankind's partners tend to include training and explanations about the conditions before loans are provided, usually through a group-lending scheme. One element of the training is around basic procedures, including how much can be borrowed for what, at what interest rates, repayment schedules, grace periods, and penalty costs. Another conventional element of the training for group-lending schemes is a focus on group dynamics and issues of transparency and accountability.
Womankind and its partners are giving attention to improving these two forms of training, as well as exploring and addressing additional issues which we feel constrain women's ability to access funds effectively.
The idea is to go beyond training NGO staff and community in the rules of credit and savings delivery, by providing information as to what is needed to make the money yield a safer profit, which women can control. Women themselves are encouraged to express what they think they need to arrive at these goals. Sometimes women express a desire to be given some basic maths skills. Others request basic banking and economic training, including knowledge of notes, coins, banking procedures and options, inflation, and so on. These are often issues women want to understand better. This training is based on experiential learning – that is, learning by doing, and based on people's own experiences rather than learning through formal standardised courses. As appropriate, the training moves on to focus on more complex areas of economics, finance, business, marketing and entrepreneurship. The aim is to expand women's understanding of the transactions they are involved in and their choices and their constraints, so as to maximise the chances of their being able to succeed in the economic exchanges undertaken to make a livelihood.
Once again, we have had mixed results in practice. However, the main lessons learned about these training sessions were concerned with over-ambitious agendas and poor follow-up.
(Continues...)
Excerpted from Gender, Development and Poverty by Caroline Sweetman. Copyright © 2001 Oxfam GB. Excerpted by permission of Oxfam Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
"Descrizione articolo" può appartenere a un’altra edizione di questo titolo.
PBShop.store US
Wood Dale, IL, U.S.A.
Venditore AbeBooks dal 7 aprile 2005
Tariffe di spedizione nazionale per U.S.A.
| Articolo | Da 7 a 14 giorni lavorativi | Da 7 a 14 giorni lavorativi |
|---|---|---|
| Primo articolo | EUR 0,00 | EUR 0,00 |
Metodi di pagamento
Descrizione dello Store
We first started out as “The Paperback Exchange,” a chain of physical bookstores where we would part exchange your beloved books for new stories to transport you to faraway places. However, as shopping started to evolve to online shops and marketplaces, we bid our stores goodbye to become “PBShop.” This transition has only allowed us to blossom as we now ship thousands of titles to book lovers across the globe. We pride ourselves in being a community of local book lovers which allows our passion and devotion to shine in everything we do. In 2020 we not only celebrated our 20th birthday but our 1st birthday as being completely employee owned after becoming an E.O.T in September 2019. We are proud to be different and embrace standing apart on a book mountain by working from a virtual inventory which allows us to provide thousands of books that may be difficult to get for your bookshelf or your studies. Working with a number of different suppliers allows us to explore other avenues such as puzzles, sheet music and even stationery so we really do have something for everyone. Life is about being versatile in all realms of existence. If this is your first visit or you are a returning customer, we would like to welcome you to the PBShop family, for there is no friend as loyal as a book. We are a company who put our customers at the centre of everything we do as we understand the importance of reading because once you learn to read, you will forever be free. There are a whole lot of things in this world of ours that we are yet to explore, which is why we will forever inspire curious minds.…
Specializzazione
Hardbacks, PaperbacksInformazioni sull’azienda del venditore
Pbshop.co.uk Ltd
Unit 22 Horcott Industrial Estate, Horcott Road
Fairford, Regno Unito GL7 4BX
Condizioni di vendita
Returns Policy
We ask all customers to contact us for authorisation should they wish to return their order. Orders returned without authorisation may not be credited.
If you wish to return, please contact us within 14 days of receiving your order to obtain authorisation.
Returns requested beyond this time will not be authorised.
Our team will provide full instructions on how to return your order and once received our returns department will process your refund.
Please note the cost to return any unwanted order to us is borne by the buyer.
Should your order arrive damaged, not as advertised or faulty, we must be advised of this within 14 days of delivery. Please contact us so we can find the best solution for you.
Our Customer Care Team can be contacted via emailing paperback-us@paperbackshop.co.uk, or by calling our UK Office on +441285 712 917. We are available 9:00am till 5:30pm GMT weekdays and 9:00am till 1:00pm GMT on Saturdays.
Diritto di recesso
Se sei un consumatore puoi recedere dal contratto in conformità con quanto segue. Per Consumatore si intende qualsiasi persona fisica che agisce per scopi estranei alla propria attività commerciale, imprenditoriale, artigianale o professionale.
Informazioni sul diritto di recesso
Diritto legale di recesso
Hai il diritto di recedere dal presente contratto entro 14 giorni senza fornire alcuna motivazione.
Il periodo di recesso scade dopo 14 giorni dal giorno in cui tu o una terza parte, diversa dal vettore e da te indicata, acquisisce il possesso fisico dell'ultimo bene o dell'ultimo lotto o pezzo.
Per esercitare il diritto di recesso, compila e invia elettronicamente una dichiarazione esplicita sul nostro sito Web, alla voce “I miei acquisti” nella sezione “Mio account”. Ti comunicheremo senza indugio una conferma di ricezione di tale recesso su un supporto durevole (ad es. via e-mail).
Per rispettare il termine di recesso, è sufficiente inviare la comunicazione relativa all'esercizio del diritto di recesso prima della scadenza del periodo di recesso stesso.
Effetti del recesso
In caso di recesso dal presente contratto, ti rimborseremo tutti i pagamenti ricevuti, compresi i costi di spedizione (ad eccezione dei costi supplementari derivanti dalla tua eventuale scelta di un tipo di spedizione diverso dal tipo meno costoso di consegna standard da noi offerto).
Potremo effettuare una detrazione dal rimborso per la perdita di valore dei beni forniti, qualora tale perdita sia il risultato di una manipolazione non necessaria da parte tua.
Eseguiremo il rimborso senza indebito ritardo e non oltre 14 giorni dal giorno in cui saremo informati della tua decisione di recedere dal presente contratto.
Il rimborso sarà effettuato utilizzando lo stesso mezzo di pagamento da te usato per la transazione iniziale, salvo che tu non abbia espressamente concordato altrimenti; in ogni caso, non dovrai sostenere alcun costo quale conseguenza di tale rimborso.
Possiamo trattenere il rimborso finché non avremo ricevuto i beni oppure finché non avrai fornito la prova di averli rispediti, a seconda di quale condizione si verifichi per prima.
Dovrai rispedire i beni o consegnarli a PBShop.store US, Springfield Gardens, New York, U.S.A., +44 1285 712917, senza indebito ritardo e, in ogni caso, entro 14 giorni dal giorno in cui ci hai comunicato la tua volontà di recedere dal presente contratto. Il termine è rispettato se rispedisci i beni prima della scadenza del periodo di 14 giorni. I costi diretti della restituzione dei beni saranno a tuo carico. Sei responsabile solo della diminuzione del valore dei beni risultante da una manipolazione diversa da quella necessaria per stabilire la natura, le caratteristiche e il funzionamento dei beni stessi.
Eccezioni al diritto di recesso
Il diritto di recesso non si applica a:
- La fornitura di giornali, periodici o riviste ad eccezione dei contratti di abbonamento; e
- La fornitura di contenuto digitale non fornito su un supporto materiale (ad es. su un CD o DVD), se al momento dell'invio dell'ordine hai accettato l'inizio dell'esecuzione e hai riconosciuto che non avresti potuto recedere una volta iniziata l'esecuzione.
Condizioni di spedizione
Books are shipped from our US or UK warehouses. Delivery estimates allow for delivery from either location.
Privacy e sicurezza
PRIVACY POLICY
We are committed to protecting the privacy and security of personal data. This policy tells you how we will collect and use your personal data, and what you should expect in respect of the personal information about you that we have collected.
We are PBShop.co.uk Limited (registered in England & Wales with Company No: 9366362). Our registered office is at Swatton Barn, Badbury, Swindon, SN4 0EU, United Kingdom.
The person with responsibility for our data protection compliance is the Managing Director and they can be contacted via email at help@pbshop.store.
We are the data controller of the personal data that we keep and use, and we are therefore responsible for making sure that our systems, processes and people comply with the relevant data protection laws in respect of that personal data.
We will act in respect of personal data to comply with the six principles of the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which are:
Lawfulness, fairness and transparency;
Purpose limitation;
Data minimisation;
Accuracy;
Storage limitation;
Integrity and confidentiality.
You have rights in respect of how your personal data can be processed; these include the right to request:
a copy of your personal data;
that inaccurate data is rectified; and
that your personal data is, in certain circumstances, erased or restricted.
You have the right to complain to the Information Commissioner, which you can do by contacting the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) directly. Full contact details, including a helpline number, can be found on the ICO website (www.ico.org.uk). This website also has useful information on your rights and our obligations. However, please raise any concerns or issues with us first so that we may deal with this as quickly as possible for you.
COLLECTION, USE AND DISCLOSURE OF PERSONAL DATA
We collect and process data for the following reasons:
personal data collected and created in relation to our selling books and other items; and
personal data relating to our people (which means those people working for our company, or providing services to us, or potentially working or providing services to us, including employees, consultants, temporary or casual workers and contractors).
All of our people are required to abide by our Privacy Policy when handling personal data, and are provided with appropriate data protection training. Any breach of data protection will be taken seriously, and may result in disciplinary action.
Selling books and other items
COLLECTION:
We will collect personal information which may include names, addresses and other information for our customers. This will be done for the management of the commercial relationship with our customers.
We may collect this personal data from you directly, and also from third parties, including publicly available third party sources. Additional personal data will be collected as it is created by or supplied to us in the course of anything we do for you.
USE:
We will use the personal data in the course of making sales and to comply with requirements that we are required to undertake.
We will only use your personal data when the law allows us to. Most commonly, we will use your personal data in the following circumstances:
in performance of a contract (the agreement to sell books and other items); and/or
compliance with a legal obligation; and/or
vital interests of the data subject; and/or
where it is necessary for our legitimate interests (or those of a third party) and your interests and fundamental rights do not override those interests.
We may also use your personal data in the following situations, which are likely to be far less common:
where we need to protect your interests (or someone else’s interests);
where it is needed in the public interest or for official purposes.
DISCLOSURE:
We may share personal data with third parties as is necessary in the sale of books and other items, including to third party providers who deliver services to support the operation of our company.
In respect of all disclosures of personal data, we will only share the personal information which is necessary for the particular purpose for which it is provided, or where we have another legitimate interest in doing so, and we will ensure that the personal data is appropriately protected.
RETENTION PERIOD:
We will keep personal data only for as long as is necessary to fulfil the purposes for which we collected it, including for the purposes of satisfying any legal, accounting or reporting requirements. Normally, our retention period for personal data collected for this purpose is a minimum of 6 years after the end of the period that we are selling books and other items.
Our people
COLLECTION:
We will collect names, addresses, contact details, education and employment history, identity and other background checks (which may include appropriate criminal and financial checks and confirmation of the right to work in the UK), marital status and information on next of kin and dependents, financial information (such as bank details and NI numbers), date of birth, gender, a copy of your passport and driving licence, performance information and compensation history, recruitment information (including references), salary, benefits, pension and annual leave information, disciplinary and grievance information, photographs, information about your use of our information and communications systems and CCTV footage or other information obtained through electronic means.
We may collect and use special categories of personal data as required in the carrying out of obligations and exercising specific rights of us or the data subject in the field of employment. This may include information relating to matters such as health, racial origin, religious belief and offences or alleged offences.
Personal data may be collected from you during the selection process (for example via your application form and CV) and during your employment (including holiday forms, expense claims, performance reviews, any disciplinary or grievance processes), or from third parties, including referees, health service providers, background check providers.
USE:
Personal data of our people will be used for HR administration and management, both in respect of the selection of people to work for us (including suitability, eligibility and/or fitness to work), and those who do work for us, to include learning and development, disciplinary and security (of people, offices and data) requirements, providing and liaising with benefits providers, business management and planning (including accounting and auditing), paying you and dealing with tax and NI deductions, assessing and deciding on salary reviews and compensation, conducting performance reviews and managing performance, dealing with legal disputes involving you or others, preventing fraud, monitoring your use of our information and communications systems, ensuring compliance with our policies, and equal opportunities monitoring.
We will only use your personal data when the law allows us to. Most commonly, we will use your personal data in the following circumstances:
In performance of a contract with you; and/or
compliance with a legal obligation; and/or
vital interests of the data subject; and/or
where it is necessary for our legitimate interests (or those of a third party) and your interests and fundamental rights do not override those interests.
We may also use your personal data in the following situations, which are likely to be less common:
where we need to protect your interests (or someone else’s interests);
where it is needed in the public interest or for official purposes.
In respect of all disclosures of personal data, we will only share the personal information which is necessary for the particular purpose for which it is provided, or where we have another legitimate interest in doing so, and we will ensure that the personal data is appropriately protected.
In respect of special categories of personal data, we may process this in the following circumstances:
in limited circumstances with your explicit written consent; and/or
where we need to carry out our legal obligations and in line with our policies; and/or
where it is needed in the public interest (such as for equal opportunities monitoring or in relation to our occupational pension scheme), and in line with our policies; and/or
where it is needed to assess your working capacity on health grounds, subject to appropriate confidentiality safeguards.
Less commonly, we may process this type of information where it is needed in relation to legal claims or where it is needed to protect your (or someone else’s) interests and you are not capable of giving your consent, or where you have already made the information public. We may also process such information about our people (or former people) in the course of our legitimate business activities with the appropriate safeguards.
The special categories of personal data may be used in the following ways:
in relation to leaves of absence, to comply with employment and other laws;
in relation to your physical or mental health, or disability status, to ensure your health and safety in the workplace and to assess your fitness to work, to monitor, manage and administer benefits and absences;
in relation to your race, national or ethnic origin, religious, philosophical or moral beliefs, or your sexual life or sexual orientation, to ensure meaningful equal opportunity monitoring and reporting.
DISCLOSURE:
Personal data may be transferred to service providers who support the operation of our business (such as payroll service providers), to other third parties reasonably necessary in the conduct of our business (including insurers, professional advisors, regulators). These third parties may be acting as processor, or controller of personal data in their own right.
In respect of all disclosures of personal data, we will only share the personal information which is necessary for the particular purpose for which it is provided, or where we have another legitimate interest in doing so, and we will ensure that the personal data is appropriately protected.
RETENTION PERIOD:
We will keep personal data only for as long as is necessary to fulfil the purposes for which we collected it, including for the purposes of satisfying any legal, accounting or reporting requirements. We will normally keep personal data of applicants who we do not employ for six months after we receive it.
We will keep personal data of employees throughout your employment and normally for a minimum of six years after your employment ends.
Changes to your personal data
It is very important that the personal information that we hold about you is accurate and current. Please tell us if your personal information changes during your relationship with us.
Data Security
We have put in place measures to prevent your personal data from being accidentally lost, used or accessed in an unauthorised way, altered or disclosed. In addition, we limit access to your personal data to those of our people and other third parties who have a business need to know. They will only process your personal data on our instructions and where they have agreed to treat the information confidentially and to keep it secure. We have put in place procedures to deal with any suspected data security breach and will notify you and the ICO of a suspected breach where we are legally required to do so.
Where we store your personal data
We principally store data, both electronically and on file, at our office.
Personal data may be transferred outside of the EEA by processors acting on our behalf. For transfers to countries not considered adequate by the EC, we will ensure that personal data is adequately protected, as required by the GDPR. This would include by use of the Standard Contractual Clauses adopted by the EC to protect personal data.
Your rights
Under certain circumstances, you have the right by law to request:
access to your personal data. This enables you to ask to receive a copy of the personal data that we hold about you and to check that we are lawfully processing it.
correction of the personal data that we hold about you.
erasure of your personal data.
object to processing of your personal data where we are relying on our legitimate interest and there is something about your particular situation which makes you want to object to processing on this ground. You also have the right to object where we are processing your personal information for direct marketing purposes.
restriction of processing of your personal data.
transfer of your personal data to another party.
Links from our website
Our website may, from time to time, contain links to and from the websites of third parties that we permit to make such links. If you follow a link to any of these websites, please note that these websites have their own privacy policies and that we do not accept any responsibility or liability for these policies. We recommend that you check these policies before you submit any personal data to these websites.
CHANGES TO THIS PRIVACY POLICY
Any changes we may make to our privacy policy in the future will be posted on our website, so please ensure that you are viewing the correct version.
Please contact us if you have any questions, comments or requests regarding this Privacy Policy.
Last amended May 2021.