Map, v, 
1. Haiti in Brief, 1, 
2. Introduction, 8, 
3. History, 10, 
4. The Duvalier system, 25, 
5. The economy, 43, 
6. Social conditions, 57, 
7. International relations, 66, 
8. The outlook, 81, 
Further reading, 82,

CHAPTER 1

Haiti in Brief

Geographical position

Haiti covers the western third of the island known as Hispaniola, the second largest of the Caribbean islands. It is bounded on the same island by the Dominican Republic to the cast; its nearest neighbours are Jamaica to the south-west and Cuba 50 miles to the north-west.

Statistical acid other information cm the Haitian economy has been taken from documents produced by the World Bank, IMF, US Government, Inter-American Develop merit Bank, UN agencies and similar bodies, as well as by (he Haitian government. However, all statistics on the Haitian economy should be treated with Caution, partly due to inaccuracies of compilation, partly because the 'subsistence' economy cannot easily be measured in conventional statistical terms.

The Economy

Haiti occupies the western third of the island of Hispaniola, with the Dominican Republic taking up the eastern two-thirds, During the Spanish colonial period, the whole colony was known as Santo Domingo, after the city which remains the capita] of the Dominican Republic.

When the western part was ceded to France by (he Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, it took the name Saint-Domingue. When Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared independence on J January 1804, he named the country Haiti. This was the name, meaning 'land of mountains,' given to the island by its Taino indian inhabitants before the arrival of the Spanish.

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the name was commonly spelt Hayti, and this spelling has been followed here when quoting from documents of the time.

Chronology

1492 5 December — Christopher Columbus lands at the Mole St Nicholas.

1492-1503 The Amerindian population (Arawaks and Caribs) are enslaved by the Spaniards and decimated by work in the gold mines

1520s African slaves are first brought to Haiti.

1629 French pirates and buccaneers seize La Tortue and make it their base. They gain a foothold on the mainland, and move progressively into the interior.

1685 Publication of (he Negro Code — a series of regulations inspired by Colbert which set out to organize the black slave trade and colonial methods of production.

1697 The treaty of Ryswick confirms France's sovereignty over the western part of Hispaniola island.

1749 Foundation of Port-au-Prince, capital of the French Windward Islands.

1770-1790 Saint-Domingue, known as La Petite France (Little France), or the Grande Isle à Sucre (the Great Sugar Island) accounts for two thirds of France's foreign trade. The population in 1791 is made up of 40,000 white settlers. 28,000 mulattoes and 450,000 black slaves. Increasing numbers of maroons (slaves who escape to the mountains and live there free).

1791 General slave uprising.

1793 Slavery abolished in Saint-Domingue.

1795 Treaty of Bâle, under which Spain cedes the eastern part of the island to France, Spain recovers sovereignty in 1809.

1801 Toussaint L'Ouverture establishes the island's autonomy under French suzerainty.

1802-03 Napoleon Bonaparte sends a punitive expedition to restore colonial rule and reintroduce slavery. War of Independence. Toussaint captured and exiled in June 1802; dies in French prison, 27 April 1803.

1804 1 January, Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaims independence. The country readopts its Indian name of Haiti (mountainous land).

1806 Dessalines assassinated.

1807-20 Henry Christophe rules north, from 1811 as King.

1807-18 Alexandre Potion governs separate republic in south, Peasant uprisings in Grande Anse.

1820 Haiti reunified under Pétion's successor, Jean-Pierre Boyer.

1822-44 Haiti Occupies Santo Domingo.

1825 Independence of Haiti recognized by France in exchange for huge indemnity.

1888-1915 Political instability and factional government increase.

1915-34 Occupation by US Marines.

1915-19 Resistance by peasant guerrillas led by Charlemagne Péralte.

1946, 1950 1956 The army seizes power after outgoing presidents try to remain in office.

1957 François 'Papa Doc' Duvalier elected President.

1958 Civil militia known as the Tontons Macoutes or Volontaires de la Securité Nationale (VSN — National Security Volunteers) founded.

1964 Proclamation of the Presidency-for-Life.

1971 Duvalier dies. Proclamation of his 19-year-old son Jean-Claude as Haiti's ninth President-for-Life.

The Haitian cabinet

The composition of the cabinet in May 1985 was as follows:

Ministers of state

Presidency, information and public relations: Jean-Marie Chanoine

Interior and defence: Roger Lafontant

Finance and economy: Frantz Merceron

Justice: Théodore Achille

Ministers

Foreign affairs and worship: Jean-Robert Estimé

Labour and social affairs: Arnold Blain

Public works, transport and communications: Maxime Léon

Education: Gérard Dorcely

Agriculture, natural resources and rural development: Frantz Flambert

Planning: Yves Blanchard

Youth and sports: Serge Conille

Mines and energy: Franck Romain

Health and population: Victor Laroche

Trade: Jean-Michel Ligondé

Without Portfolio: Jules Blanchet

CHAPTER 2

Introduction

Less than 200 years ago, the Haitian people launched a revolution which overthrew slavery and established the world's first independent black republic. In the course of the revolution the Haitians defeated British, French and Spanish armies and shook the colonial slave empire throughout the Caribbean.

Haitians today live in conditions of appalling poverty and squalor under the Duvalier family dictatorship. The country is a byword of terror and corruption, living off hand-outs from overseas — principally from the United States, This Special Brief attempts to explain how this stale of affairs came about, and how and why it is maintained.

Haiti: Family Business takes a necessary look at Haiti's past, but is mainly concerned with [he modern Haitian economy, system of government, social structure and international relations.

Certain themes and patterns reappear throughout Haiti's history such as; the tradition of armed intervention in government, the absence of any developed political system and the long standing practice of presidents regarding state finance as their personal property, In ibis respect, Haiti is very much a 'family business' of whoever is the ruling elite of the time. It was this last feature which led a Canadian parliamentary committee in 1982 to describe Haiti as a 'kleptocracy' in which anything of value is liable to be appropriated by the ruling elite and their officials, at every level of the system.

These practices, however, are not a Haitian invention. They arose in the colonial state of Saint-Domingue and have thrived since then because of the circumstances in which the Haitian state came into being, and the conditions under which it has to survive.

Today, as for much of this century, [he attitudes and policies of the United Stales are powerful factors influencing the course of events in Haiti; but the US does not control Haiti and does not always know what to do there. In nearly 30 years of the Duvalier family's rule, the US government has veered from support of the regime, through opposition {even including an attempt to bring Francois Duvalier down in 1%3), back to acquiescence and eventually again to active support. Recent difficulties in the relationship may prove to be yet another passing phase, another tiff to be patched up in due course. There will always be tensions between Port-au-Prince and Washington as long as the Duvaliers insist on operating by their own rules, rather than accepting the position conventionally laid down for heads of client states in the US sphere of influence.

However, like the rest of the Caribbean, Haiti has seen increasingly strong pressure for change. The industrial development of the last fifteen years has led to rising discontent among those dispossessed or bypassed by it; witness the exodus of the boat people, the food riots and demonstrations of recent years. As Haiti is 'modernized' economically and bound more closely to the international financial system, so more Haitians are seeking a political opening and demanding the observance of constitutional and political rights. Arrest, brutality and imprisonment has so far been the regime's response. It could soon prove inadequate.

CHAPTER 3

History

The Spanish settlement

An unknown number of Taino Arawak people inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher Columbus and a band of Spanish gold-seekers landed in December 1492, on what is now Haiti's north coast. There may have been half a million or more Tainos at the lime; within 50 years all but a handful of them were dead.

Although Haiti was the site of the first European landing in the Americas, the discovery of gold in eastern Hispaniola meant that Spanish colonial development was concentrated at that end of the island. The relative neglect of the western part made it possible for French buccaneers to establish themselves there in the seventeenth century, a position which led to the island being divided between the French and Spanish colonial powers and eventually into two separate countries; Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

When he arrived, Columbus described the Taitios as 'loveable, tractable, peaceable and praiseworthy,' The key word was tractable. The Spanish lost no time in enslaving the Tainos to work in the gold mines and supply food to the colonizers. Those who refused were subjected to the customary barbarities: whipping, cutting off of ears and noses, rape and killing. A tribute of gold was demanded of every adult Taino under a royal edict described by the priest Bartolomé de las Casas as 'irrational, impossible, intolerable and abominable,' Fugitives were hunted down by dogs, while those who submitted died of exhaustion and ill-treatment from their overseers. Influenza, smallpox and typhus decimated the remainder. 13y 1508 the Taino population was down to 60,000, and in 1548 there were fewer than 500 left.

In the 1520s it was decided LO import slaves from Africa. By this lime, however, the Spanish settlement had started to decline as the workable gold reserves became exhausted. The Spanish quest for gold led the conquistadores to colonize Mexico in 1521 and Peru in 1532, and Hispaniola became a neglected backwater. The colony fell prey to raids by the English and French, and in 1536 Santo Domingo underwent a month-long attack by British forces led by Sir Francis Drake, during which the city was sacked and looted.

The Spanish decline continued throughout the seventeenth century. By 1681 the population numbered 2,500 whites and 3,300 blacks, of whom 1,100 were slaves. These few inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, producing hides and ginger for trade. From the 1620s onwards, English and French buccaneers established a base in the lie de la Tortue (Tortuga Island), off the north-west coast of Haiti. From there the French, who had emerged as the dominant group among the buccaneers, gradually look hold of the western part of Hispaniola, with the Spanish falling back to the south-eastern part of the island. By the end of the century France was well in control of what is now Haiti, a situation recognised in 1(597 when Spain ceded the area to the French under the name Saint-Domingue.

Sugar and slavery

The French established an extremely lucrative colony based on slavery; producing coffee, indigo, cocoa, cotton and above all, sugar. In 1767 Saint-Domingue exported 72 million pounds of raw sugar and 51 million of white, plus 1 million pounds of indigo and 2 million of coffee. Coffee exports, which had amounted to 7 million pounds in 1755, had increased to some 68 million by 1739, The colony's exports to France were worth more than twice its imports from that Country, The E00 sugar plantations in Saint-Domingue produced more than all the English Caribbean islands put together and the colony's overall trade is said to have outstripped that of the thirteen North American colonies, requiring the use of 700 ships to carry the vast volume of goods.

The labour of hundreds of thousands of slaves shipped from Africa was behind this wealth. From 2,000 in 1681, the number of slaves in Saint-Domingue increased to 117,000 in 1730 and to 480,000 in 1791. Since the number of slaves imported over the same period is estimated at 864,000, the figures provide ample evidence of the extremely high death rate. Some estimates have suggested that the equivalent of the entire number of slaves was replaced every twenty years.

The basis of the colonial economy, including relations between Saint-Domingue and France, was exploitation. Trade with France amounted to 95 per cent of the total and the system known as the 'Exclusive' laid down that all exports and imports were to be carried in French ships. Sugar and cocoa had to be shipped raw for refining in France or heavy duties were payable. No manufacturing industry was allowed in Saint-Domingue or other French colonies, so that all manufactured goods required in the colony had to be purchased from France, The system brought immense prosperity to French ports like Nantes, Dieppe, Bordeaux and Marseilles, as well as supplying the capital inflow ort which French industry could develop. This colonial pattern of trade remains intact to the present day in the French 'overseas territories' of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guyane.

Essentially, the French saw their colonial possessions purely as a source of wealth which they were not even concerned to develop through long-term investment. The economic system which reigned in Saint-Domingue was a predatory one based on an enslaved labour force and unequal trade relations. As such, it contained the seeds of multiple conflicts between French metropolitan and colonial interests, and between rich and poor whites, whites and mulattoes and owners and slaves in Saint-Domingue.

The grands blancs — the rich planters and merchants — enjoyed the profits and status derived from their possessions, but nevertheless held grievances against the French government which from time to time broke out into open protest. The Exclusive prevented them from trading as they wished and was a prime source of discontent, tempered only by the substantial amount of illicit trade they were able to carry on with the North American colonies. Generally, the grands blancs were excluded from the political position in the colony which they thought was theirs by right; the colonial government gave effective power to a military governor and a civilian intendant appointed in Paris.

Saint-Domingue, however, was not a settler society in the way that North America, Latin America or South Africa were, Many of the grands blancs were impoverished aristocrats whose dream was to return to France as soon as they had amassed sufficient money. Those who could afford it left their estates in the hands of overseers while they absented themselves in France. Similar ambitions, with even less chance of realization, were harboured by the petits blancs — small farmers, craftsmen, shopkeepers, low-ranking officials and an assortment of adventurers and refugees from the law.

In an even more equivocal position were the mulattoes or gens de couleur, the children of white planter fathers and black slave mothers who had been given their freedom. Their numbers rose from 500 in 1703 to 28,000 in 1791, against 40,000 whites and 450,000 slaves. Many gens de couleur became property and slave owners themselves, a situation permitted by Louis XIV's Code Noir of 1685. By the end of the French regime, they controlled a third of the colony's plantations. In an effort to hold them in check, the while-dominated colonial council passed a series of measures in the 1760s and 1770s restricting their rights. Certain professions were dosed to them and they were forbidden to intermarry with whites or to reside in France. They were also obliged to wear different clothes from whites, sit in different parts of churches and theatres, and observe a 9pm curfew.

If the mulattos were subject to legal discrimination, the slaves were kept down by extreme and arbitrary terror which went far beyond the provisions of the Code Noir. The owners, living in perpetual fear of the more numerous slaves, invented the most atrocious tortures for real or imagined infractions. Saint-Domingue, it was said, was 'a mill for crushing negroes as much as for crushing sugar cane.

The colony was thus a volcano of irreconcilable conflicts and racial hatreds. To keep the conflicts in check and ensure that the process of extracting wealth continued to function, a militarized and authoritarian slate was developed, run by the Navy Ministry in France, Saint-Domingue was first and foremost a military outpost, on guard against attack from rival colonial powers. The towns were heavily fortified, and administered by a military officer. There was a standing army of up to 1,000 men, and a militia comprising all adult white males. This military apparatus was also required for internal security, frequently in action against groups of runaway slaves or maroons. One such example was in the 1750s headed by Makandal, who planned an unsuccessful mass poisoning of slave owners but was captured and burnt alive in 1758.

(Continues...)

Excerpted from Haiti: Family Business by Rod Prince. Copyright © 1985 Latin America Bureau (Research and Action) Limited. Excerpted by permission of Practical Action Publishing Ltd.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.

"Descrizione articolo" può appartenere a un’altra edizione di questo titolo.

preigu

Osnabrück, Germania

Venditore con 5 stelle

Venditore AbeBooks dal 5 agosto 2024

Tariffe di spedizione da Germania a U.S.A.

Articolo	Da 60 a 60 giorni lavorativi	Da 60 a 60 giorni lavorativi
Primo articolo	EUR 70,00	EUR 70,00

I tempi di consegna sono stabiliti dai venditori e variano in base al corriere e al paese. Gli ordini che devono attraversare una dogana possono subire ritardi e spetta agli acquirenti pagare eventuali tariffe o dazi associati. I venditori possono contattarti in merito ad addebiti aggiuntivi dovuti a eventuali maggiorazioni dei costi di spedizione dei tuoi articoli.

Metodi di pagamento

PayPal

Descrizione dello Store

preigu betreibt einen Onlineversandhandel mit über 1 Mio. Produkten in verschiedenen Sortimenten. Das Kernsortiment besteht aus Büchern, Medien und Spielwaren. Ein gelungenes Einkaufserlebnis ist das Ziel einer jeden Bestellung bei preigu, denn der Kunde und seine Zufriedenheit stehen an erster Stelle. preigu setzt daher auf einen kompetenten Kundenservice, funktionierende Prozesse und schnelle Reaktion.

Specializzazione

Bücher, Spielwaren

Informazioni sull’azienda del venditore

preigu GmbH & Co. KG

Lengericher Landstraße 19
Osnabrück, Germania 49078

About Us

Legal website operator identification:

preigu GmbH & Co. KG
Lengericher Landstr. 19
49078 Osnabrück
Germany

Telephone: +49 (0) 541 / 580 72 84
Email: mail@preigu.de

VAT No: DE 455 380 498
AG Osnabrück - HRA 209647

PhG: preigu Verwaltung GmbH
AG Osnabrück - HRB 221793
CEO: Ansas Meyer

We are neither willing nor obliged to participate in dispute resolution proceedings before consumer arbitration boards.

We are a member of the initiative "FairCommerce" since 30.11.2016.
For more information, see: https://www.haendlerbund.de/de/haendlerbund/interessenvertretung/faircommerce

Contatta il venditoreVisualizza gli articoli di questo venditoreVisita la vetrina del venditore

Condizioni di vendita

Standard Business Terms and customer information

I. Standard business terms

§ 1 Basic provisions

(1) The following terms and conditions of business apply for all contracts concluded with us as the supplier (preigu GmbH & Co. KG) via the websites AbeBooks and/or ZVAB. Unless otherwise agreed, the inclusion of your own terms and conditions is explicitly rejected.

(2) A ‘consumer' in the sense of the following regulations is every natural person who concludes a legal transaction which, to an overwhelming extent, cannot be attributed to either his commercial or independent professional activities. The term ‘businessman' refers to every natural person, legal person or legally responsible partnership that concludes a legal transaction in pursuance of his/its independent professional or commercial activity.

§ 2 Conclusion of the contract

(1) The subject-matter of the contract is the selling of products .

(2) If an article is placed by us with AbeBooks or ZVAB, the activation of the page on AbeBooks or ZVAB shall involve the binding offer to conclude a contract under the terms and conditions contained in the article page.

(3) The contract shall become effective via the online shopping cart system as follows:
The products intended for purchase are moved to the "shopping cart". You can select the "Shopping Cart" using the appropriate buttons on the navigation bar and make changes there at any time.
After calling up the "Checkout" page and entering the required personal data and payment and shipping conditions, all order information is then displayed again on the order summary page.
Before submitting the order, you have the ability once more to review or change any information here (you may also use the "back" button on the Internet browser), or to cancel the purchase.
By clicking the "Buy now" button to submit the order, you declare your legally binding acceptance of the order which makes the contract effective.
(4) The execution of the order and the sending of all the details necessitated by the conclusion of the contract take place via e-mail, in a partially-automated manner. Consequently, you have to ensure that the e-mail address that you have deposited with us is the correct one, and that the receipt of the respective e-mails is guaranteed. In particular, you have to ensure that the respective e-mails are not blocked by a SPAM filter.

§ 3 Right of retention, reservation of proprietary rights

(1) You can only exercise a right of retention if the situation in question involves claims arising from the same contractual relationship.

(2) The goods remain our property until the purchase price is paid in full.

§ 4 Warranty

(1) The statutory warranty rights are applicable.

(2) As a consumer, you are requested to promptly check the product for completeness, visible defects and transport damage as soon as it is delivered, and promptly disclose your complaints to us and the shipping company in writing. Even if you do not comply with this request, it shall have no effect on your legal warranty claims.

(3) If a characteristic of the goods deviates from the objective requirements, the deviation shall only be deemed to be agreed if you were informed of the same by us before submitting the contractual declaration and the deviation was expressly and separately agreed between the contracting parties.

§ 5 Choice of law, place of fulfilment, jurisdiction

(1) German law shall apply. This choice of law only applies to customers if it does not result in the revocation of the protection guaranteed by the mandatory provisions of the law of the country in which the respective customer's usual place of residence is located (benefit-of-the-doubt principle).

(2) If you are not a consumer, but a businessman, a legal entity under public law or an institutional fund governed by public law, our place of business is the place of jurisdiction as well as the place of fulfilment for all services that follow from the business relationships that exist with us. The same condition applies to situations in which you are not associated with a general place of jurisdiction in Germany or the EU, as well as situations in which the place of residence or the usual place of residence is not known at the time of commencement of proceedings. This has no bearing on the capacity to call upon the court associated with another place of jurisdiction.

(3) The provisions of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods are explicitly inapplicable.

II. Customer information

Identity of the seller

preigu GmbH & Co. KG
Lengericher Landstr. 19
49078 Osnabrück
Germany
Telephone: 0541-580 72 84
E-Mail: mail@preigu.de

We are neither willing nor obliged to participate in dispute resolution proceedings before consumer arbitration boards.

Information regarding the conclusion of the contract

The technical steps associated with the conclusion of the contract, the contract conclusion itself and the correction options are executed in accordance to the regulations "conclusion of the contract" in our standard business terms (part I.).

Contractual language, saving the text of the contract

3.1 Contract language shall be English.

3.2 The complete text of the contract is not saved with us. Before the order is sent, the contract data can be printed out or electronically saved using the browser's print function. After the order is received by us, the order data, the legally-mandated details related to distance selling contracts and the standard business terms are re-sent to you via e-mail.

Main features of the product or service

The key features of the goods and/or services can be found in the respective quote.

Prices and payment arrangements

5.1 The prices mentioned in the respective offers represent total prices, as do the shipping costs. They include all the price components, including all the incidental taxes.

5.2 The dispatch costs that are incurred are not included in the purchase price. They can be viewed by clicking the appropriate button on our website or in the respective quote, are shown separately over the course of the order transaction and must additionally be borne by you, insofar as free delivery is not confirmed.

5.3 If delivery is made to countries outside of the European Union, we may incur unreasonable additional costs, such as duties, taxes or money transfer fees (transfer or foreign exchange fees charged by the banks), which you must bear.

5.4 You must also bear the costs arising from money transfers in cases in which the delivery is made to an EU Member State, but the payment is initiated outside of the European Union.

5.5 The payment methods that are available to you are shown by clicking the appropriate button on our website or are disclosed in the respective quote.

5.6 Unless otherwise specified for the respective payment methods, the payment claims arising from the contract that has been concluded become payable immediately.

Delivery conditions

6.1 The delivery conditions, delivery date and existing supply restrictions, if applicable, can be found by clicking the appropriate button on our website or in the respective quote.

Unless a different period is specified in the item description or our delivery conditions, the goods are delivered within 3-5 days after the conclusion of the contract (in case an advance payment has been agreed upon, after the payment authorisation).

6.2 If you are a consumer, the following is statutorily regulated: The risk of the sold item accidentally being destroyed or degraded during shipping only passes over to you when the item in question is delivered, regardless of whether or not the shipping operation is insured. This condition does not apply if you have independently commissioned a transport company that has not been specified by us or a person who has otherwise been appointed to execute the shipping operation.

Statutory warranty right

Liability for defects is governed by the "Warranty" provisions in our General Terms and Conditions of Business (Part I).

Information on battery disposal

In connection with the sale of batteries or the delivery of devices containing batteries, we are obliged to inform you of the following:

Batteries must not be disposed of with household waste.

You can either return used batteries that we carry or have carried in our range as new batteries to us at your own expense or return them free of charge to our shipping warehouse (shipping address). Alternatively, you can hand in the batteries at your local collection points.

As an end user, you are legally obliged to return used batteries so that they can be recycled or disposed of properly.

Used batteries may contain harmful substances that can damage the environment or your health if not stored or disposed of properly. However, batteries also contain important raw materials such as iron, zinc, manganese or nickel and can be recycled.

The symbols on the batteries have the following meanings:

The symbol of the crossed-out wheelie bin means that the battery must not be disposed of with household waste.

For batteries containing a certain amount of lead, cadmium or mercury, the following additions below the symbol with the crossed-out wheelie bin indicate the respective pollutants:

Pb = Battery contains more than 0.004% lead by weight
Cd = Battery contains more than 0.002% cadmium by weight
Hg = Battery contains more than 0.0005% mercury by weight

Information on the costs involved in accordance with Article 56 (4) of the EU Battery Regulation (Regulation 2023/1542) can be found at the ‘Batterie-Zurück (https://www.batterie-zurueck.de/de/bewirtschaftungvonaltbatterien/)' initiative.
Please pay attention to the above instructions.

Diritto di recesso

Instructions for revocation

Right of withdrawal for the sale of goods

Revocation right for consumers
(A ‘consumer' is any natural person who concludes a legal transaction which, to an overwhelming extent, cannot be attributed to either his commercial or independent professional activities.)

Instructions for revocation

Revocation right
You have the right to revoke this contract within 14 days without specifying any reasons.
The revocation period is 14 days with effect from the day,

on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the products, provided you had ordered one or more products within the scope of a standard order and this/these product/products is/are delivered uniformly;
on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last product, provided you had ordered several products within the scope of a standard order and these products are delivered separately;
on which you or a third party nominated by you, which is not the carrier, had taken possession of the last part delivery or the last unit, provided you had ordered a product, which is delivered in several part deliveries or units;

To exercise your right of withdrawal, you must inform us (preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, Telephone number: +49 (0) 541 / 580 72 84, E-Mail address: mail@preigu.de) by means of a clear declaration (e.g. a letter sent by post, or an e-mail) of your decision to withdraw from this contract. You can use the attached model withdrawal form for this purpose, which is, however, not mandatory.

You can also exercise your right of withdrawal online by clicking on a button labelled accordingly (such as ‘Withdraw from contract' or similar) on the AbeBooks/ZVAB website. If you use this online function, you will immediately receive a confirmation of receipt on a durable medium (e.g. via email) containing information on the content of the withdrawal notice, as well as the date and time of its receipt.

In order to safeguard the revocation period, it is sufficient that you send the notification about the exercise of the revocation right before the expiry of the revocation period.

Consequences of the revocation

If you revoke this contract, we shall repay all the payments, which we received from you, including the delivery costs (with the exception of additional costs, which arise from that fact that you selected a form of delivery other than the most reasonable standard delivery offered by us), immediately and at the latest within 14 days from the day on which we received the notification about the revocation of this contract from you. We use the same means of payment, which you had originally used during the original transaction, for this repayment unless expressly agreed otherwise with you; you will not be charged any fees owing to this repayment.

We can refuse the repayment until the products are returned to us or until you have furnished evidence that you have sent the products back to us, depending on whichever is earlier.

You must return or transfer the products to us immediately and, in any case, at the latest within 14 days with effect from the day on which you inform us of the revocation of this contract. The deadline is maintained if you send the products before the expiry of the 14 day deadline.

You bear the direct costs for returning the products.

You must pay for any depreciation of the products only if this depreciation can be attributed to any handling with you that was not necessary for checking the condition, features and functionality of the products.

Criteria for exclusion or expiry

The revocation right is not available for contracts

for delivery of products, which are not prefabricated and for whose manufacturing an individual selection or stipulation by the consumer is important or which are clearly tailored to the personal requirements of the consumer;
for delivery of products, which can spoil quickly or whose use-by date would be exceeded quickly;
for delivery of alcoholic drinks, whose price was agreed at the time of concluding the contract, which however can be delivered 30 days after the conclusion of the contract at the earliest and whose current value depends on the fluctuations in the market, on which the entrepreneur has no influence;
for delivery of newspapers, periodicals or magazines with the exception of subscription contracts. The revocation right expires prematurely in case of contracts
for delivery of sealed products, which are not suitable for return for reasons of health protection or hygiene if their seal has been removed after the delivery;
for delivery of products if they have been mixed inseparably with other goods after the delivery, owing to their condition;
for delivery of sound or video recording or computer software in a sealed package if the seal has been removed after the delivery.

Specimen - revocation form

(If you wish to revoke the contract, please fill up this form and send it back to us.)

To preigu GmbH & Co. KG, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück, Email address: mail@preigu.de :
I/we () herewith revoke the contract concluded by me/ us () regarding the purchase of the following products ()/
the provision of the following service ()
Ordered on ()/ received on ()
Name of the consumer(s)
Address of the consumer(s)
Signature of the consumer(s) (only in case of a notification on paper)
Date

(*) Cross out the incorrect option.

Privacy e sicurezza

Data protection declaration

Unless stated otherwise below, the provision of your personal data is neither legally nor contractually obligatory, nor required for conclusion of a contract. You are not obliged to provide your data. Not providing it will have no consequences. This only applies as long as the processing procedures below do not state otherwise.
"Personal data" is any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.

Responsible person
Contact us at any time. The person responsible for data processing is: Ansas Meyer, Lengericher Landstr. 19, 49078 Osnabrück Deutschland, +49 (0) 541 / 580 72 84, mail@preigu.de

Collection and processing when using the cancellation button
If you have entered into a contract via this platform for which a statutory right of cancellation applies, the platform provides you with a cancellation function (cancellation button) through which you can submit your notice of cancellation immediately.
When using the cancellation function, your personal data (name, email address, details identifying the contract or part of the contract you wish to withdraw from, and the time (date and time) of sending the notice of withdrawal) will only be collected to the extent that you have provided it.
The purpose of data processing is to provide you with the statutory option to withdraw from your contract and to ensure the proper processing of your withdrawal.
The platform operator collects your data on the basis of Article 6(1)(f) of the GDPR, namely the legitimate interest in ensuring the general accessibility of the statutory withdrawal function on the platform. You will receive a confirmation email from the platform operator acknowledging receipt of your notice of withdrawal.
The data is then transmitted to us by the platform operator.
If the contact relates to a contract already concluded between you and us, this data processing is carried out on the basis of Article 6(1)(b) of the GDPR. Otherwise, data processing is carried out on the basis of Article 6(1)(c) of the GDPR, to fulfil a legal obligation to provide an electronic withdrawal function.
We use your email address solely to process your notice of withdrawal. Your data will subsequently be deleted in accordance with statutory retention periods, provided you have not consented to further processing and use.

Collection, processing, and transfer of personal data in orders
When you submit an order we only collect and use your personal data insofar as this is necessary for the fulfilment and handling of your order as well as processing of your queries. The provision of data is necessary for conclusion of a contract. Failure to provide it will prevent the conclusion of any contract. The processing will occur on the basis of Article 6(1) b) GDPR and is required for the fulfilment of a contract with you.
Your data will be shared, for example, with shipping companies, dropshipping or fulfillment providers, payment service providers, service providers for order processing, and IT service providers. We will comply strictly with legal requirements in every case. The scope of data transmission is restricted to a minimum.

Duration of storage
After contractual processing has been completed, the data is initially stored for the duration of the warranty period, then in accordance with the retention periods prescribed by law, especially tax and commercial law, and then deleted after the period has elapsed, unless you have agreed to further processing and use.

Rights of the affected person
If the legal requirements are fulfilled, you have the following rights according to art. 15 to 20 GDPR: Right to information, correction, deletion, restriction of processing, data portability. You also have a right of objection against processing based on art. 6 (1) GDPR, and to processing for the purposes of direct marketing, according to art. 21 (1) GDPR.

Right to complain to the regulatory authority
You have the right to complain to the regulatory authority according to art. 77 GDPR if you believe that your data is not being processed legally.
You can lodge a complaint with, among others, the supervisory authority responsible for us, which you may reach at the following contact details:

Landesbeauftragte für den Datenschutz Niedersachsen Prinzenstraße 5 30159 Hannover Tel.: +49 511 1204500 Fax: +49 511 1204599 E-Mail: poststelle@lfd.niedersachsen.de

Right to object
If the data processing outlined here is based on our legitimate interests in accordance with Article 6(1)f) GDPR, you have the right for reasons arising from your particular situation to object at any time to the processing of your data with future effect.
If the objection is successful, we will no longer process the personal data, unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing that outweigh your interests or rights and freedoms, or the processing is intended for the assertion, exercise or defence of legal claims.

Haiti | Family Business

Descrizione dell’articolo da parte del venditore

Dati bibliografici

Riassunto

Descrizione articolo

Estratto. © Ristampato con autorizzazione. Tutti i diritti riservati.

Haiti: Family Business

Practical Action Publishing Ltd

Contents