Hearing - Physiological Bases and Psychophysics

The present book contains the original papers and essential points of the general discussion of a meeting organized in a series of tri-annual conferences, initiated by Dr. R. Plomp with the meeting in Driebergen, The Netherlands, 1969. These symposia have tried to bring to\ether people from extreme fields in auditory research and to amalgamate their recent findings. This series of conferences has proven to be most successful and has attracted much attention by scientists in auditory research. The organizers have tried to maintain the character of the meeting with em­ phasis on discussion by precirculation of the full text of the papers and by re­ stricting the number of active contributions. Unfortunately, this forced us to reject a great number of submitted papers - in selection we attempted to compose a fair survey of certain fields of auditory research but leave others untreated. Because of the same reason the number of invited review papers had to be limited to three. The reader may decide whether or not this selection was adequate. We thank all those participants who attended the meeting inspite of the rejection of their paper. The authors have been responsible for text and typing of their manuscripts. The editors have not attempted to standardize the spelling.

Section I. Inner Ear Mechanisms and Cochlear Emissions.- Review Paper: Hair Cells, Receptors with a Motor Capacity?.- Inner Hair Cell Receptor Potentials Investigated during Transient Asphyxia: a Model for Hair Cell Coupling.- Frequency Tuning and Ionic Conductances in Hair Cells of the Bullfrog’s Sacculus.- Synaptic Hyperpolarisation and Loss of Tuning in Turtle Cochlear Hair Cells.- Cochlear Electroanatomy: Influence on Information Processing.- Electrochemical Profile for Potassium Ions across the Hair-Cell Membranes.- Comparison of Basilar Membrane, Hair Cell and Neural Responses.- Thermal Noise and Active Processes in the Inner Ear: Relating Theory to Experiment.- Cochlear Potentials in Homozygous and Heterozygous Bronx Waltzer Mice.- Dual Acoustical Sensitivity in Frogs.- Frequency Coding in the Inner Ear of Anuran Amphibians.- On the Frequency-Distribution of Spontaneous Cochlear Emissions.- A Comparison of Mechanical Nonlinearities in the Cochleae of Man and Gerbil from Ear Canal Measurements.- Psychophysical Aspects of Cochlear Acoustic Emissions (“Kemp-Tones”).- “A Family with High Tonal Objective Tinnitus” - an Update.- On Peripheral Processing in Human Hearing.- Section II. Auditory Nerve and Cochlear Nucleus, Central and Centrifugal Auditory Systems.- Intensity Functions and Dynamic Responses from the Cochlea to the Cochlear Nucleus.- Representation of Acoustic Stimuli in the Presence of Background Sounds: Adaptation in the Auditory Nerve and Cochlear Nucleus.- Nonlinear Behavior at Threshold Determined in the Auditory Canal and on the Auditory Nerve.- Peripheral Auditory Adaptation and Forward Masking.- Pitch and Cochlear Nerve Fibre Temporal Discharge Patterns.- Suppression in Neural Response of the Auditory System to Click Pairs and to Cosine Noise.- Auditory-Nerve Fibre Correlates of the Critical Bandwidth as Determined by Loudness Estimation.- Dynamic Maintenance and Alterability of Cortical Maps in Adults; some Implications.- Temporal Resolution of Amplitude Modulation and Complex Signals in the Auditory Cortex of the Cat.- The Distribution of the Olivo-Cochlear Bundle and Its Possible Role in Frequency/Intensity Coding.- Section III. Binaural Interaction.- Review Paper: Psychoacoustic Binaural Phenomena.- Recent Developments in Binaural Modeling.- Lateralization of Transient Signals and Types of Delay.- Lateralization of Transients Presented at High Rates: Site of the Saturation Effect.- Dynamic Cues in Binaural Perception.- Cat Superior Olivary Complex (SOC): the Basis of Binaural Information Processing.- Structure and Function of Crossed and Uncrossed Pathways to the Inferior Colliculus in the Rat.- Monaural and Binaural Contributions to an Auditory Space Map in the Guinea-Pig Superior Colliculus.- Binaural Hearing and Neural Interaction.- Section IV. Psychophysics.- Review Paper: Psychoacoustics of Normal and Impaired Listeners.- Loudness Adaptation Induced Interaurally and Monaurally.- Accounting for the Loudness of a Sinusoid in Noise.- The Role of Modulation in Hearing.- On the Perception of Spectral Modulations.- Fluctuation Strength of Modulated Tones and Broadband Noise.- Monaural Phase Effects in Masking with Multicomponent Signals.- Decay of Pulsation Threshold Patterns.- Section V. Pitch Perception.- Mutual Pitch Influence of Components in a Compound Sound.- Monotic and Dichotic Pitch JND’s Compared.- Pitch Discrimination and Musical Interval Recognition in Backward Masking.- Threshold Duration for Melodic Pitch.- Pitch of Sinusoids and Complex Tones above 10 kHz.- Neuronal Mechanisms for a Periodicity Analysis in the Time Domain.- Section VI. Speech and Hearing Impairment.- Auditory-Nerve Representation of Voice Pitch.- JNDs for the Spectral Envelope Parameters in Natural Speech.- The Reception Threshold of Interrupted Speech for Hearing-Impaired Listeners.- Impaired Frequency/Time Resolution and its Effect on Speech Intelligibility.- CAP Unmasking, CAP Tuning and CAP Thresholds in Humans.- Some Aspects of Signal Processing in Individuals with Residual High-Frequency Hearing.- The Relationship between Pure-Tone Thresholds and Psychoacoustical Tuning Curves in the Hearing Impaired: Preliminary Findings.- Dissociation between Frequency Resolution and Hearing Threshold.