High Power Hadron Accelerators

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of accelerator science, providing a foundational guide to its specialized subfields. As the field experiences significant growth with major projects like ESS, FAIR, RAON, HIAF, CADS, IFMIF, PIP-II and FRIB, this volume serves as an essential resource for understanding the latest advancements and future trends.

The authors, a team of experienced physicists and engineers, delve into the historical development of accelerators, present cutting-edge technologies, and discuss future directions. Key topics include large-scale cryogenics, superconducting radiofrequency technology for low- and medium-velocity hadron beams, and integrated accelerator controls. The book also highlights major beam dynamics topics related to high-intensity and high-power facilities, making it a must-read for anyone involved in accelerator science.

Aimed at graduate students and professionals, including physicists, engineers, and technical managers, this book is both a reference and a handbook. It provides insights into the design and construction of accelerator facilities, offering valuable lessons from projects like the Spallation Neutron Source, the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex and Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. Whether you're a seasoned expert or new to the field, this book will deepen your understanding of the physics and technology driving high-power hadron accelerators.

Jie Wei has served as FRIB Accelerator Systems Division Director and has been a professor at MSU since 2010. He obtained his B. Sc. at Tsinghua University in 1983 and Ph. D. in physics at SUNY Stony Brook in 1989. He was awarded an APS Fellow in 2003 and the first IPAC Prize in 2010 “for his exceptionally creative contributions to the design, construction, and commissioning of circular accelerators, in particular RHIC, SNS, LHC, as well as the design of CSNS, and for numerous significant developments in the field of beam dynamics.” He received the 2024 DOE Achievement Award and the 2026 APS Robert R. Wilson Prize “For seminal contributions in the physics of high-intensity hadron accelerators, and for leadership in the development, construction, and commissioning of the world's highest power hadron accelerators, particularly the first continuous-wave superconducting linac for heavy ions above 200 MeV/nucleon.” He initiated the CPHS at Tsinghua University and chairs the A-TAC for J-PARC.

Leo R. (Bob) Dalesio has worked on scientific control solutions since 1985, when he joined Los Alamos National Laboratory to develop Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition tools for the Ground Test Accelerator. This SCADA software became the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). Over the years Bob has been involved in projects as a lead engineer, cost account manager, reviewer, and system architect. He has contributed to APSU, NSLSII, SNS, LCLSI and II, CEBAF, and most recently MPEX and ALSU. He is now the managing partner of Osprey DCS, providing services to successfully deliver open-source, scientific control systems.

Alberto Facco is a senior accelerator physicist, specialized in SRF LINAC technologies, at INFN Legnaro, Italy, and at FRIB (MSU, USA). He studied Nuclear Physics at the University of Padua, Italy, and started his pioneering work in low-beta, bulk niobium superconducting resonators during his postdoctoral stay at the Weizmann Institute (Rehovot, Israel) in 1987. At INFN since 1988, he led the development of Nb SRF cavities for the linacs ALPI-PIAVE at LNL and ISAC2 at TRIUMF, working also in several international linac projects such as EURISOL and IFMIF/EVEDA. Since 2001 he collaborated in the FRIB project at MSU, where he also worked as Professor and SRF Department manager, leading the linac resonators development. He served on technical advisory committees for most of the main HPHA projects worldwide, including J-PARC (Japan), RAON/RISP (Korea), SARAF (Israel) and ESS (Sweden) that he chaired.

Venkatarao (Rao) Ganni is the director of the MSU Cryogenic Initiative and a professor of accelerator physics at Michigan State University. With B. E., M. Tech., M. S., and Ph. D. degrees in mechanical engineering, he has spent more than four decades advancing helium refrigeration and large-scale cryogenic systems. Ganni began his career at Cryogenic Technologies, Inc., leading engineering efforts on commercial and custom cryogenic equipment. He later contributed to major U.S. laboratory programs, including Brookhaven, Jefferson Lab, the Superconducting Super Collider, NASA, the Spallation Neutron Source, and FRIB, covering system design, commissioning, and performance optimization. He leads MSU’s collaboration with FRIB to train the next generation of cryogenic engineers. Widely recognized for technical innovation, he invented the patented floating pressure (Ganni) cycle, now used or adapted in most major U.S. helium refrigeration systems. His honors include the Samuel C. Collins Award, the White House Closing the Circle Award, and Fellowship in the Cryogenic Society of America.

Yue Hao is a professor of physics at Michigan State University and an accelerator scientist at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). His research group focuses on a first-principle understanding of accelerator beam physics, with emphasis on high-intensity beam dynamics, collective effects, nonlinear beam dynamics, and data-driven methods for modeling and optimization.  He received his B. Sc. from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2003 and his Ph. D. in accelerator physics from Indiana University Bloomington in 2008. Before joining FRIB in 2016, he was a physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory and an adjunct professor at Stony Brook University, working on beam dynamics for a variety of advanced accelerator facilities.

Peter N. Ostroumov is a professor of physics and associate director of the ASD at FRIB/MSU. His career began at the INR in Moscow, where he led the commissioning of a high-power proton accelerator. Since 1999, he has worked at ANL as a senior scientist and head of the Accelerator R&D group, developing a rare isotope accelerator and the ATLAS upgrades, including CW RFQ, EBIS, and novel quarter-wave SC resonators. While working at ANL, he developed a theory and experimentally validated the simultaneous acceleration of multiple charge-state heavy-ion beams in superconducting linacs. He has been a Fellow of the American Physical Society since 2006 with the citation: “For creativity and leadership in the design and development of both normal conducting and superconducting ion linear accelerators.” After moving to FRIB in 2016, he has led the commissioning of FRIB and achieved a record high power for a uranium beam, 30 kW.

Ting Xu is a professor of physics and the SRF and Superconducting Magnet Department manager at FRIB MSU. He earned his B. Sc. and M. S. degrees from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and received his Ph. D. in mechanical engineering from Florida State University in 2007. From 2007 to 2009, he worked at the NHMFL as a postdoctoral associate, contributing to the development of the 36-T SCH magnet. He joined ORNL in 2009, where he worked on cryogenic systems and SRF cryomodules for the SNS drive linac. In 2012, Xu moved to the FRIB, where he led engineering efforts in SRF technology and superconducting magnet systems for the accelerator. He also led the SLAC LCLS-II HE SRF gun project, overseeing the design, development, fabrication and integration of the next-generation SRF gun. His work spans SRF, accelerator cryogenics, and large-scale superconducting magnet engineering.

Yoshishige Yamazaki joined the FRIB Accelerator Systems Division (ASD) in 2011 after completion of J-PARC. Since then, he had been ASD deputy director and professor of physics until he retired in 2022 after FRIB completion. He obtained Ph. D. in physics at the University of Tokyo in 1974. He developed, designed, and commissioned RF accelerating cavities at the KEK Photon Factory, TRISTAN, and KEK B factory. All these cavities were the world’s most immune to the coupled-bunch instabilities by means of cutting-edge devices that he newly invented. From 1986, he had been leading an accelerator team for developing high-power proton accelerators in Japan and finally completed J-PARC construction as a deputy director of J-PARC center and accelerator systems division director.  He served in technical advisory committees for major cutting-edge accelerators world-wide, including SNS, ESS, FAIR, CEBAF, and CSNS (chair).