Titolo: Historical Roots of Cognitive Science: The Rise of a Cognitive Theory of Perception from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century (Synthese Library, 208)
Editore: Springer
Data di pubblicazione: 1989
Lingua: Inglese
ISBN 10: 0792303490
ISBN 13: 9780792303497
Rilegatura: Rilegato
Condizione: New

Descrizione articolo

Riassunto

Cognitive science, in Howard Gardner's words, has a relatively short history but a very long past. While its short history has been the subject of quite a few studies published in recent years, the current book focuses instead on its very long past. It explores the emergence of the conceptual framework that was necessary to make the rise of modem cognitive science possible in the first place. Over the long course of the history of the theory of perception and of cognition, various conceptual breakthroughs can be discerned that have contributed significantly to the conception of the mind as a physical symbol system with intricate representational capacities and unimaginably rich computational resources. In historical retrospect such conceptual transitions-seemingly sudden and unannounced-are typically foreshadowed in the course of enduring research programs that serve as slowly developing theoretical con� straint structures gradually narrowing down the apparent solution space for the scientific problems at hand. Ultimately the fundamental problem is either resolved to the satisfaction of the majority of researchers in the area of investigation, or else-and much more commonly-one or more of the major theoretical constraints is abandoned or radically modified, giving way to entirely new theoretical vistas. In the history of the theory of perception this process can be witnessed at vari� ous important junctures.

Contenuti

I. Introduction.- II. Reconstruction of the history of medieval and (post-) Cartesian theories of perception in terms of the negative heuristics of their respective research programs. Basic epistemological contrasts.- III. The formation of competing optical traditions in early and late antiquity.- (1) The various ‘optical’ research traditions in early and late antiquity represent rival research programs into the theory of visual perception.- (2) The Aristotelian theory of vision.- (3) The Stoic-Galenic tradition.- (4) The geometrical tradition.- IV. The Identity Postulate at work in various research programs in the theory of vision during late antiquity and during the Arab and European Middle Ages.- (1) The Identity Postulate at work in the Stoic-Galenic theory of vision.- (2) The Identity Postulate at work in the geometrical tradition in the theory of vision.- (3) The Identity Postulate at work in Alhazen’s theory of vision.- (4) The Identity Postulate reinforced by the Baconian-Alhazenian synthesis in optical theory. Internal explanations facilitated by the proposed rational reconstruction.- (5) The internal disintegration of the research program defined by the Identity Postulate during the 16th century.- V. The mathematization of physics and the mechanization of the world-picture gradually prepared in the development of medieval optics rather than in that of terrestrial or celestial mechanics.- VI. Mechanicism and the rise of an information theory of perception. A naturalistic reconstruction of (post-) Cartesian epistemology.- (1) Keplerian dioptrics, Cartesian mechanicism, and the rise of justificationist methodologies.- (2) Complete demonstration in science impossible. The need of conjectural theories affirmed.- (3) Ambivalence towards any alleged sources of ‘immediate’ knowledge. Epistemology founded on an empirical theory of the senses and the mind.- (4) The rise of an information theory of perception. Internal tensions of the representationist research program.- (5) The representationist research program.- (5.1) Descartes against the identity theory of perception. The necessity of an information theory of perception.- (5.2) Two radical consequences of the new theory of perception.- (5.3) The negative heuristic of the Cartesian research program. Dualism of thought and sense. Descartes’ information theory not a cognitive theory of perception.- (6) Malebranche and the Cartesian research program into optical epistemology.- (6.1) Ambiguities in Descartes’ theory of sensory judgment. Lack of a genuine (cognitive) theory of information processing.- (6.2) Malebranche’s theory of visual distance discrimination and of apparent magnitude.- (6.3) Regis contra Malebranche’s information theory of perception. Corroborated empirical excess content of the Cartesian program according to Malebranche.- (6.4) Tensions between the positive and the negative heuristic of the Cartesian research program. The negative heuristic at work in Malebranche’s theorizing.- (6.5) Rational reconstruction of Malebranche’s occasionalism. Divine intervention and the computer analogy.- (7) Conclusion.- VII. Epistemological issues underlying the nineteenth century controversies in physiological optics. The Helmholtzian Program.- (1) The 18th century. Rationalist and empiricist developments. Cross-fertilizations of originally competing programs.- (2) The Helmholtzian research program into the theory of perception. The true logic of discovery revealed by rational reconstruction of the grand movement of intellectual history rather than by ‘faithful’ intellectual biographies.- (3) The relevance of German Romanticism to the Helmholtzian program.- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of subliminal cognitive activity.- (5) Helmholtz’s research program contrasted with competing epistemological programs.- VIII. The interplay between philosophy and physiology in Helmholtz’s view.- (1) Helmholtz’s conception of philosophy in historical perspective.- (2) M�ller’s Principle of Specific Sense Energies.- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of color vision.- (4) Helmholtz’s theory of physiological acoustics.- (5) The philosophical significance of the Principle of Specific Sense Energies.- IX. Helmholtz’s theory of the perception of space.- (1) Sensation and perception.- (2) The general idea of space and perceptual localization.- (3) The intuitionist theories of M�ller and Hering.- (4) Helmholtz’s empirical theory of perception.- (5) Methodological arguments in defense of the empirical theory of perception.- (6) The philosophical significance of the intuitionist-empiricist controversy.- (7) The general idea of space.- X. Helmholtz’s theory of unconscious inferences.- (1) The need of an empirical non-introspective psychology.- (2) Helmholtz’s theory not a mechanistic theory, but a truly cognitive theory of information processing.- (3) Helmholtz’s theory of a continuum of cognitive functions beyond the edge of consciousness and beyond the grasp of verbal articulation.- (4) Helmholtz’s theory dogmatically dismissed by the twentieth century ban on psychologism. Yet his cognitive theory superior as compared to traditional alternatives.- (5) The synthetic functions of subconscious mental operations according to 19th and 20th century theoretical developments. The problem of realism.- XI. The epistemological outcome of Helmholtz’s naturalism. Hypothetical realism.- (1) Helmholtz’s novel theory of causality in its relation to Kant, Reid and traditional empiricism.- (2) Lack of an adequate psychology. Weaknesses of Helmholtz’s theory.- List of abbreviations.

Le informazioni nella sezione "Su questo libro" possono far riferimento a edizioni diverse di questo titolo.

Descrizione libreria

Hello! Ria Christie Collections is an online venture that was initially set up in 2012 to sell books. We do not have a physical high street store. We are professional online booksellers. We only sell brand new books in perfect condition that we source from various suppliers and the publishers. Primarily, our aim is to provide an excellent service to all our customers. We always work as a team to achieve this. Our other objectives are to: 1. Ensure that all our products reach their destination quickly in a safe and secure manner 2. Answer to all our customer queries within 24 hours 3. Ensure that our customers are happy with their purchases 4. Provide all the items at a competitive price 5. Always listen to our customers Ria Christie Collections is not a registered company. It is a Sole Trader venture. Other key information is shown below: Contact Person Name: Rakesh Luchmun (Mr) Storefront Name: Ria Christie Collections Place of Establishment Address: Suite B; ARUN House; ARUN Building Arundel Road Uxbridge UB8 2RR United Kingdom E-Mail Address: riachristie@hotmail.co.uk VAT Number: GB 160 5650 25 We always work hard and aim to comply with all of Abebooks Policies. If you have any issues, please do not hesitate to write to us whether before or after a purchase. We promise to reply to you promptly and, in any case, within 24 hours. Thank you kindly! Yours sincerely Mr Rakesh Luchmun (Founder) and the Ria Christie Collections Team

Visita la pagina della libreria

Informazioni sull'azienda del venditore

Ryefield Investments Limited
175 Pield Heath Road, Uxbridge, UB8 3NL, United Kingdom

Condizioni di vendita e spedizione

Condizioni di vendita

All Returns and Refund are as per Abebooks policies.

Diritto di recesso

Se sei un consumatore puoi recedere dal contratto in conformit� con quanto segue. Per Consumatore si intende qualsiasi persona fisica che agisce per scopi estranei alla propria attivit� commerciale, imprenditoriale, artigianale o professionale.

Informazioni sul diritto di recesso

Diritto legale di recesso

Hai il diritto di recedere dal presente contratto entro 14 giorni senza fornire alcuna motivazione.

Il periodo di recesso scade dopo 14 giorni dal giorno in cui tu o una terza parte, diversa dal vettore e da te indicata, acquisisce il possesso fisico dell'ultimo bene o dell'ultimo lotto o pezzo.

Per esercitare il diritto di recesso, compila e invia elettronicamente una dichiarazione esplicita sul nostro sito Web, alla voce “I miei acquisti” nella sezione “Mio account”. Ti comunicheremo senza indugio una conferma di ricezione di tale recesso su un supporto durevole (ad es. via e-mail).

Per rispettare il termine di recesso, � sufficiente inviare la comunicazione relativa all'esercizio del diritto di recesso prima della scadenza del periodo di recesso stesso.

Effetti del recesso

In caso di recesso dal presente contratto, ti rimborseremo tutti i pagamenti ricevuti, compresi i costi di spedizione (ad eccezione dei costi supplementari derivanti dalla tua eventuale scelta di un tipo di spedizione diverso dal tipo meno costoso di consegna standard da noi offerto).

Potremo effettuare una detrazione dal rimborso per la perdita di valore dei beni forniti, qualora tale perdita sia il risultato di una manipolazione non necessaria da parte tua.

Eseguiremo il rimborso senza indebito ritardo e non oltre 14 giorni dal giorno in cui saremo informati della tua decisione di recedere dal presente contratto.

Il rimborso sar� effettuato utilizzando lo stesso mezzo di pagamento da te usato per la transazione iniziale, salvo che tu non abbia espressamente concordato altrimenti; in ogni caso, non dovrai sostenere alcun costo quale conseguenza di tale rimborso.

Possiamo trattenere il rimborso finch� non avremo ricevuto i beni oppure finch� non avrai fornito la prova di averli rispediti, a seconda di quale condizione si verifichi per prima.

Dovrai rispedire i beni o consegnarli a Ria Christie Collections, Uxbridge, United Kingdom, senza indebito ritardo e, in ogni caso, entro 14 giorni dal giorno in cui ci hai comunicato la tua volont� di recedere dal presente contratto. Il termine � rispettato se rispedisci i beni prima della scadenza del periodo di 14 giorni. I costi diretti della restituzione dei beni saranno a tuo carico. Sei responsabile solo della diminuzione del valore dei beni risultante da una manipolazione diversa da quella necessaria per stabilire la natura, le caratteristiche e il funzionamento dei beni stessi.

Eccezioni al diritto di recesso

Il diritto di recesso non si applica a:

La fornitura di giornali, periodici o riviste ad eccezione dei contratti di abbonamento; e
La fornitura di contenuto digitale non fornito su un supporto materiale (ad es. su un CD o DVD), se al momento dell'invio dell'ordine hai accettato l'inizio dell'esecuzione e hai riconosciuto che non avresti potuto recedere una volta iniziata l'esecuzione.

Condizioni di spedizione

Orders usually ship within 2 business days. If your book order is heavy or oversized, we may contact you to let you know extra shipping is required. Thank you!

Tariffe di spedizione da Regno Unito a U.S.A.

Tariffe di spedizione da Regno Unito a U.S.A.
Quantit� dell'ordine	Da 6 a 12 giorni lavorativi	Da 6 a 12 giorni lavorativi
Primo articolo	EUR 13.17	EUR 15.15

I tempi di consegna sono stabiliti dai venditori e variano in base al corriere e al paese. Gli ordini che devono attraversare una dogana possono subire ritardi e spetta agli acquirenti pagare eventuali tariffe o dazi associati. I venditori possono contattarti in merito ad addebiti aggiuntivi dovuti a eventuali maggiorazioni dei costi di spedizione dei tuoi articoli.