Immune Reactivity of Lymphocytes: Development, Expression, and Control

The area of the Lake of Galilee, which is the site of the Fifth Confer- ence on Lymphatic Tissues and Germinal Centers, has been a germinal center of dramatic events in human history. Thus, some two million years ago, it seems to have harbored an important phase of human evolu- tion, when the descendants of the African Australopithecus migrated north- wards, attempting to become Homo sapiens. Two thousand years ago, this very place was a germinal center for a new religion which determined some of the most important components of the history of western civilization. This may have been the first significant contribution of the people of the Lake of Galilee area to the world of ideas and values. More recently, some 70 years ago, this very place was a germinal center for a great ex- periment aimed at the translation into actual reality of ethical and social values, by the establishment of the first kibbutz in Israel on this shore. We, therefore, hoped that by selecting this place for the Fifth Germinal Centers Meeting we could expect the inspiration of the site to generate new concepts and views.

Session 1 Ontogeny of Lymphoid Cells.- Differentiation and Ontogeny of Lymphoid Cells.- The Ontogeny of Bursa- and Thymus-Specific Cell Surface Antigens in the Chicken.- IgA Surface Determinants on Cells from the Chicken Embryo.- Contribution of the Bursa of Fabricius to the Maturation of the B Cell System in Chickens.- Bursa of Fabricius: Uptake of Radioactive Particles and Radiotoxic “Sealing” of Bursal Follicles.- The Need for Transcription and Translation for Differentiation of Bone Marrow Cells by Thymic Factors in Man.- Immunological Potential of Yolk Sac Cells.- Ontogeny of T Lymphocytes Studied in Athymic and Foetal Mice.- Ontogeny of T Cell Function in the Fetal Lamb.- Involvement of Cells with ‘B’ Properties in Development of T Helpers.- Studies on the Development of Immunity: General Considerations.- Session 2 Surface Properties and Activation of Lymphoid Cells.- Surface Properties of Lymphoid Cells: Introduction.- Is a Specialized Stimulator Cell Required for the Induction of Allograft Immunity?.- Cell Selection in the Thymus of Mice Treated with Escherichiacoli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).- Clonal Expansion and Thymus Dependence. Microculture Experiments with TNP-Lipopolysaccharide.- Cellular Events Involved in the True Primary Immune Response of Splenocytes in Vitro.- Nonspecific Esterase Activity in T Cells.- Thymocyte Subpopulations as Stimulators in the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction.- Clonal Proliferation of Human Stimulated Lymphocytes on Agar Culture.- Spontaneous and Induced Changes in Thymus Pattern.- Thymocyte Maturation in AKR Leukemia.- Lymphocytes and Hemopoietic Bone Marrow Cells: Antigenic Relationships between these Cells and Lymphatic Tissue Repopulation from Stem Cells.- Demonstration of Two Distinct Macrophage Specific Antigenic Determinants in Rats.- Surface Properties of Lymphoid Cells: Summing up.- Session 3 Homing of Cells and Inductive Effects of Microenvironment and of Humoral Factors.- Microenvironment to a Lymphoid Cell is Nothing More Than Interaction with its Neighbours.- Scanning Electron Microscopy of B- and T-Cells in Peripheral Lymphoid Organs of the Mouse.- Human Lymphatic Microecology: Specificity, Characterization and Ontogeny of Different Reticulum Cells in the B Cell and T Cell Regions.- ‘Hyperlymphoid’ mice.- The Role of the Afferent Lymph in the Induction of Contact Sensitivity.- Studies on the Effect of Environment on the GVH Reactivity of Recirculating Lymphocytes.- The Recovery of the BCell Compartment in Lethally Irradiated and Reconstituted Mice.- Regulation of Thymic Lymphopoiesis in Vitro.- Isolation and Partial Chemical Characterization of THF, a Thymus Hormone Involved in Immune Maturation of Lymphoid Cells.- Regulation of Immune Balance by Thymosin: Potential Role in the Development of Suppressor T Cells.- Lymphoid Tissue Architecture. III. Germinal Centers, T Cells, and Thymus-Dependent vs. Thymus- Independent Antigens.- Summary and Afterthoughts on Session 3: Homing of Cells and Inductive Effects of Microenvironment and of Humoral Factors.- Session 4 Cell Interactions in Immune Responses.- Cell Interactions in Immune Responses: Role of T Lymphocytes.- Induction of Hapten Recognizing Helper Function by Heavily Trinitrophenylated Sheep Erythrocytes.- In Vitro Proliferative Reactions by Lymphocytes from Both Responder and ‘Low’ Responder Mice to (T,G)-A--L.- Effect of Interaction between Hapten-Specific Cells Preselected for Different Receptor Affinities and Carrier-Primed Cells on Antibody Avidity.- Cell Interaction in B/W Mice: A Reversible Defect at the T Cell Level.- T Cell Dependency of the Response to PVP is Dependent on Maturity of B Cells.- Differentiation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Enhanced by T Cell Factors Produced during Mixed Lymphocyte Interactions.- Enhancing Effect of Radioresistant Spleen Cells on the Primary Immune Response against Sheep RBC by Mouse Spleen Cells in Vitro.- Effector Cell Requirements for Antibody-Dependent and Mitogen-Indueed Cytotoxicity.- Recruitment of Effector Lymphocytes by Initiator Lymphocytes: Recruited Lymphocytes are Immunospecific.- Histophysiology of the Helper T Cell System in Rabbits.- Interference of Cyclophosphamide with the Development of T Helper Activity in Rabbits.- Enhanced in Vitro Immunogenicity of H-2 Antigens in the Presence of la Antigens.- Cooperation is the Thing.- Session 5 Lymphoid Cell Receptors And Antigen Recognition.- Lymphoid Cell Receptors and Antigen Recognition.- Patterned Antigen-Binding Cells of Multiple Specificity.- Evidence for Two Antibody Molecules of Different Specificity Secreted by Bispecific Mouse Spleen PFC Micromanipulated in Vitro.- Early Events in the Generation of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxicity in MLC.- A Study of the Immunological Function of Fc Receptor-Bearing Cells among Activated Thymocytes.- Relation of Antigen-Binding Cells to Immunological Memory.- The Detection of IgD and IgM on Murine B-Lymphocytes in Conditions where no Ig can be found on T Lymphocytes.- The Influence of “I” Region Antibodies on Transplants.- Virus-Immune Cytotoxic T Cells are Sensitized to by Virus Specifically Altered Structures Coded for in H-2K or H-2D: A Biological Role for Major Histocompatibility Antigens.- Restriction by H-2 Gene Complex of the Transfer of Delayed Type Hypersensitivity in Mice.- Characterization and Specificity of a T Cell Cooperative Factor.- Rat Anti-Lymphocyte Alloantibodies Block Con A-Stimulation of T Lymphocytes: Inhibition of a Polyclonally Specific T Cell Reaction.- Recognition of Antigen by B and T Lymphocytes.- Session 6 Tumor Immunology: Interactions Between Lymphocytes, Antibodies and Neoplastic Cells.- Host Protection by the Antibody-Forming System in Malignancy.- Tumour Resistance of Tetraparental AKR?CBA Chimaeras.- Low Numbers of Tumor Cells Suppress the Host Immune System.- Studies on Effector Cell—Target Cell Interactions in Vitro by Means of the Quantitative Immunoadherence Technique.- Immunologic Responses of the Autochthonous Host against Tumors Induced by Ultraviolet Light.- The in Vivo Coating of Tumor Cells by Potentially Cytotoxic Antitumor Antibodies.- Modulation of the Immune Response in Vitro and in Vivo by Splenocytes from Tumor-Bearing Mice.- Divalent Cation Requirements as a Tool for the Study of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Systems.- Macrophage Killing Capacity. Aspects of Mechanism.- A New T Cell Neoplasm Expressing Surface Anti-DNP Activity, Developed from the Thymus of Mice Bearing MOPC-315 Plasma Cell Tumors.- Lymphocyte—Target Cell Conjugation: Membrane Receptors for Alloantigens.- Observations in Vitro Regarding the Mechanism of the Cell Destruction by Stimulated Lymphocytes.- The Presence of Cells Expressing Immune-Complex Receptors in Non-Lymphoid Murine Tumors.- T and B Immunodepression during 7,12-dimethylbenz(?) anthracene (DMBA) Carcinogenesis in Mice.- Reversal of a Leukemia Virus-Induced Immunodepression by Macrophages in Vitro and in Vivo.- Tumor Immunology: Interaction between Lymphocytes, Antibodies and Neoplastic Cells: A Summary.- Session 7 Round-Table Discussion: Definition and Functions of IR Genes.- Ir Genes, Phenotypic Expressions and their Interpretation.- T Helpers may be Sensitized by Antigen-Specifically Altered Structures, Which are Coded by the I Region of the H-2 Gene Complex.- Multigenic I Region Control of the Immune Response of Mice to the GLØ and GLT Random Terpolymers.- Overcoming Ir Gene Control of the Response to the Lysozymes.- Genetic Control of the Immune Response to Ordered Peptides of Tyrosine and Glutamic Acid.- Antigen Specific T Cell Factors in the Genetic Control of the Immune Response to poly (Tyr,Glu)-poly (Pro)--poly(Lys).- A Model for Genetic Control of the Immune Response.- Session 8 Regulation of Immune Responses: Suppressor Cells, Their Nature and Function. Enhancing factors.- The Role of Suppression in Immunoregulation.- Immunosuppression by Fetal Liver as a Model for Tolerance to Self.- Suppressor Cells in the Embryonic Thymus Mediate Allograft Tolerance.- Tolerance in Tetraparental Mouse Chimaeras.- Studies on Suppressor T Cells in Tolerance.- Depletion of Suppressor T Cells in Syngeneic Chimeric Mice.- Regulatory Cells in the Bone Marrow.- Suppression by Soluble Factor Released From B Cells.- The Regulatory Influence of the Thymus-Dependent Immune System on the Heterogeneity of Immunoglobulins in Irradiated and Reconstituted Mice.- Interference with Antibody-Feedback by Irradiation, Thymus Cells, the Allogeneic Effect, and Serum Factors.- Effect of Chorionic Gonadotropins on Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity.- Augmentation of Cell Mediated Lysis (CML) by THF.- Suppressor Cells and Enhancing Antibodies. Immune Agents of the Facilitation Reaction.- Session 9 Immunopathology.- Immunopathology.- Lymphocyte Surface-Attached Immunoglobulins in Some Clinical Conditions.- Control of Autoimmune Processes by a Thymic Humoral Factor (THF).- Clinical, Immunological and Histopathological Evidence for Thymic Deficiency in Down’s Syndrome (Mongolism).- Immunomorphological Lymph Node Processes in Some Cirrhogenie Liver Diseases.- Casein-Induced Murine Amyloidosis: Amyloid and Immunoglobulin Production and Proliferative Capacity of Splenocytes.- T and B Blocking Factors in Hodgkin’s Disease.- Properties of Transplantable Reticulum Cell Sarcomas in SJL/J Mice.- Skin as a Vehicle for Horizontal Transmission of Gross Passage A Leukemia Virus in Adult Mice.- The Relationship between Phagocytosis, Release of Lysosomal Enzymes and 3’, 5’ Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Mouse Macrophages.- The Still Unsolved Germinal Centre Mystery (Invited Lecture).