Immunotherapy of Infections (Infectious Disease and Therapy)

Based on the International Symposium on Immunotherapy of Infections held recently at the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, this work discusses cytokines as well as synthetic and natural immunomodulators and their applications in the immunotherapy of bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections. The contributors describe innovative treatment concepts that act as adjuncts to established therapies for the control of both existing and newly emerging infectious diseases.

Cytokines

Therapeutic Possibilities with Cytokines and Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in Infectious Diseases, Eva Lotzová
Impact of Direct Microorganism-Cytokine Interaction on Cytokine Immunotherapy of Infections, Michel Denis
Cytokine Profile as a Predisposing or Protective Factor in Immunological Diseases: Present Information, Prospects for Intervention, the Need for Cytokine-Based Epidemiology, Monika Brunner, Nicholas Avrion Mitchison, Joachim Sieper, and Katharina Simon
Cytokines That Regulate In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production and BCG-Induced Nonspecific Protection, Carol A. Nacy, Anne H. Fortier, and Shawn J. Green
Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Macrophages by Cytokines and Microbial Products, Christian Bogdan, Yoram Vodovotz, Qiao-wen Xie, Martin Röllinghoff, and Carl Nathan

Synthetic Immunomodulators

Immunological Profile of Methyl Inosine Monophosphate, Marina Sosa, Anutosh R. Saha, Elba M. Hadden, and John W. Hadden
Enhancement of the Immune Response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen by Methyl Inosine Monophosphate, Tatiana A. Semenenko, M. I. Mikhailov, and John W. Hadden
Combination Therapies in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Maria Staglianò, Sandro Grelli, and Enrico Garaci
The Use of Thymic Peptides for Patients with Undetermined Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Results, V. G. Morozov, K. S. Ivanov, V. V. Sheyback, and A. D. Kasyanov
Site-Specific Differentiation Induction on T Cells In Vivo by Synthetic Thymic Peptides to Fight Microbial Infections and Cancer, Christian Birr, C. Thomas Nebe, and Gerhard Becker

Synthetic Muramyl Peptides

Protective Activity of MDP-Lys (L18) on Hantavirus Infection in Newborn Mice and Potentiation of Antigenicity by B30-MDP and MDP-Lys (L18) of Inactivated Hantavirus Strain B-1 Vaccine and Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen, Ichiro Azuma, Yung Choon Yoo, Mizuho Tamura, Ryu Yoshida, Kumiko Yoshimatsu, Jiro Arikawa, and Koichi Yamanishi
Immunotherapy of Infectious Postoperative Complications with Glucosaminylmuramyl Dipeptide, Rakhim M. Kaitov, Boris V. Pinegin, Alexander A. Butakov, and Tatyana M. Andronova
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Activity of Muramyl Peptides, Vladmir Nesmeyanov, Svetlana Bykovskaya, Tatyana M. Andronova, and Vadim Ivanov
Effect of Liposome-Encapsulated Muramyl Tripeptide Phosphatidylethanolamine and Interferon-Gamma on Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in T-Cell-Deficient Mice and In Vitro, Timo L. M. ten Hagen, Win van Vianen, Elma A. T. Straathof, and Irma A. J. M. Bakker-Woudenberg

Microbial and Natural Immunomodulators

Application of Lentinan as Cytokine Inducer and Host Defense Potentiator in Immunotherapy of Infectious Diseases, Yukiko Y. Maeda, Hiromichi Yonekawa, and Goro Chihara
On the Chemistry and Biology of Bacterial Endotoxic Lipopolysaccharides, Otto Holst, Artur J. Ulmer, Helmut Brade, and Ernst T. Rietschel
Immunomodulating Activities of Streptococcal Lipoteichoic Acids, Haruhiko Takada and Shozo Kotani
Modulation of the Immune System by Bacterial Products: Hapten-Specific Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Lipopeptides Conjugated to T Helper Cell Epitopes, Wolfgang G. Bessler, Werner Beck, Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller, and Günter Jung
Stimulating Effect of an Oral Preparation from Lactabacillus bulgaricus (strain LB51) on Host Resistance to Experimental Bacterial Infections, Poly Popova, Guenka Guencheva, Assen Bogdanov, Edoardo Pacelli, and Glinka Opalchenova
Can Orally Applied Immunomodulators Improve the Local Defense?, H. Wolf, Ch. Ruedl, and G. Wick

Host Defense Mechanisms

Immunity to Intracellular Bacteria: Lessons Learned from Listeriosis, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is a Common Element of Multiple Macrophage Activation Pathways: Activation of MAP Kinase by Lipopolysaccharide, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Other Macrophage-Activating Factors, Gyorgy Frendl and Rong J. Guan
Legionella pneumophila Interferes with Signaling in Human Monocytes, T. Jacob, J. C. Escallier, M. V. Sanguedolce, P. Bongrand, C. Capo, and J. L. Mege
Regulatory Areas of the Central Nervous System for the Immune Response, K. Ma-ek and P. Petrovický
The Role of Chorionic Gonadotropin in Regulation of Mitogen- and Lymphokine-Activated Splenocytes: Immunotherapeutic Aspect in Infection, Sergei V. Shirshev and Nikolaj N. Kevorkov