Java in the 14th Century

Essentially the following commentary on the contents of the Nägara-Kertägama has been made up from notes by former editors of the text together with remarks, criticisms and digressions by the present author. As Kern, Krom and their contemporaries were especially interested in dynastie history and archeology their notes on those subjects are legion, and as a result of their studies on many points a communis opinio has been reached. The argumentations which led up to this end are not reproduced in the present edition. The interested reader is referred to Krom's great books: Oud-Javaansche Kunst and Hindoe-Javaansche Geschiedenis. It is to be expected that before long the results of Krom's life-work will be made accessible for English readers by De Casparis. On the other hand cultural history, religion, economics and sociology have been rather neglected by the first editors of the Nägara-Kertä­ gama. The present author has done his best to remedy that omission. The reader will find that the greater part of the following commen­ taries is concerned with those subjects. The contemporaneous minor texts and the charters that are published, translated and annotated in the present book in the same manner as the Nägara-Kertägama have been chosen almost exc1usively for the valuable information on social, economic and religious conditions in the 14th century Majapahit realm that is afforded by them.

1 — Introduction, the Royal Family of Majapahit about 1350 A.D..- 2 — Majapahit, the Capital, about 1350 A.D..- 3 — Tributaries and neighbours of Majapahit, establishment of the Royal authority by emissaries taken from the ecclesiastical officers.- 4 — The Royal Progress of 1359 from Majapahit through the eastern districts of Java, and back to Singasari.- 5 — Notes on the Kings of the House of R?jasa, from 1182 till 1343, and on their religious domains.- 6 — The Royal Chase in the neighbourhood of Singasari.- 7 — The return from the Royal Progress of 1359, from Singasari to Majapahit.- 8 — The Royal Progresses of 1360 and 1361 to Tirib, Sömpur and Blitar.- 9 — The posthumous ceremony in honour of the R?japatn?, in 1362, her shrines and her cult.- 10 — The Royal Progress of 1363 from Majapahit to Simping and back.- 11 — Gajah Mada’s death in 1364, the new officials.- 12 — List of domains belonging to the Royal Family and to religious communities.- 13 — Organization of the clergy and Royal authority.- 14 — The annual Court festival in Majapahit.- 15 — Conclusion.- Commentary on the N?gara-K?rt?gama colophons.- Nawanatya.- R?japatigu % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaca % WGUbaaleaacqGHflY1aeqaaOWaaCbeaeaacaWGKbaaleaacqGHflY1 % aeqaaaaa!3CE0! $$\mathop n\limits_ \cdot \mathop d\limits_ \cdot $$ ala.- Purw?digama preamble.- Praniti Raja Kapa-kapa.- Sarwadharma charter of 1269, found in P?nampihan.- Decree Jaya Song, 1350, found in Bendosari.- Ferry charter of 1358, found in Trawulan and P?l?m.- Batur charter, found in Batur.- Biluluk charters of 1366–1395, found in Bluluk.- R?n?k charter of 1379, found near Majapahit.- Wala % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaca % WGUbaaleaacqGHflY1aeqaaOWaaCbeaeaacaWGKbaaleaacqGHflY1 % aeqaaaaa!3CE0! $$\mathop n\limits_ \cdot \mathop d\limits_ \cdot $$ it charter of 1381–1405, found in P?nañjangan.- Patapan charter of 1385, found in Trawulan.- Karang Bog?m charter of 1387, found in Trawulan.- Kati % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaca % WGKbaaleaacqGHflY1aeqaaaaa!3960! $$\mathop d\limits_ \cdot $$ en charter of 1392, found in Trawulan.- Shela Ma % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaca % WGUbaaleaacqGHflY1aeqaaOWaaCbeaeaacaWGKbaaleaacqGHflY1 % aeqaaaaa!3CE0! $$\mathop n\limits_ \cdot \mathop d\limits_ \cdot $$ i charters of 1394–1396.- 1 — Social order in 14th century Majapahit.- 2 — Religious belief and ecclesiastical organization in 14th century Majapahit.- 3 — Economy and commerce in 14th century Majapahit.- 4 — Material culture in 14th century Majapahit.- 5 — Art, language and literature in 14th century Majapahit.- 6 — Plays and games in 14th century Majapahit.- 7 — Political order in the 14th century Majapahit realm.- 8 — The Royal Court in the 14th century Majapahit realm.- 9 — The Royal Family in the 14th century Majapahit realm.- 10 — The N?gara-K?rt?gama and its poet at the 14th century Majapahit Court.- Illustrations: drawings by Professor Galestin after stone reliefs of 14th century East-Javanese temples.- VI. A ferry. At the left a man, walking, while looking back at his companion, an oarsman with curly hair. At the right the same pair is seen sitting in a boat on a river. The tale illustrated by the relief is as yet unknown. In a following relief the passenger is seen disappearing into the water and entering the realm of the King of snakes. Drawn after a relief of the east side of the terrace of Candi Panataran, dated 1375 A.D..- XII. A cock-fight, freely drawn after a modern Balinese picture by Ida Bagus Madé Nad?ra (about 1940).