Howard Abadinsky is professor of criminal justice at St. John’s University. He was an inspector for the Cook County Sheriff’s Office for eight years and a New York State parole officer and senior parole officer for fifteen years. The author holds a B.A. from Queens College of the City University of New York, an M.S.W. from Fordham University, and a Ph.D. from New York University. He is the author of several books, including Probation and Parole, 9th edition, Organized Crime, 8th edition, and Drugs, 5th edition.