Integer programming (IP) is a fascinating topic. Indeed, while linear programming (LP), its c- tinuous analogue, is well understood and extremely ef?cient LP software packages exist, solving an integer program can remain a formidable challenge, even for some small size problems. For instance, the following small (5-variable) IP problem (called the unbounded knapsack problem) min{213x?1928x?11111x?2345x +9123x} 1 2 3 4 5 s.t. 12223x +12224x +36674x +61119x +85569x = 89643482, 1 2 3 4 5 x ,x ,x ,x ,x?N, 1 2 3 4 5 taken from a list of dif?cult knapsack problems in Aardal and Lenstra [2], is not solved even by hours of computing, using for instance the last version of the ef?cient software package CPLEX. However,thisisnotabookonintegerprogramming,asverygoodonesonthistopicalreadyexist. For standard references on the theory and practice of integer programming, the interested reader is referred to, e.g., Nemhauser and Wolsey [113], Schrijver [121], Wolsey [136], and the more recent Bertsimas and Weismantel [21]. On the other hand, this book could provide a complement to the above books as it develops a rather unusual viewpoint.

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In this book the author analyzes and compares four closely related problems, namely linear programming, integer programming, linear integration, linear summation (or counting). The focus is on duality and the approach is rather novel as it puts integer programming in perspective with three associated problems, and permits one to define discrete analogues of well-known continuous duality concepts, and the rationale behind them. Also, the approach highlights the difference between the discrete and continuous cases. Central in the analysis are the continuous and discrete Brion and Vergne's formulae for linear integration and counting. This approach provides some new insights on duality concepts for integer programs, and also permits to retrieve and shed new light on some well-known results. For instance, Gomory relaxations and the abstract superadditive dual of integer programs are re-interpreted in this algebraic approach.

This book will serve graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, optimization, operations research and computer science. Due to the substantial practical importance of some presented problems, researchers in other areas will also find this book useful.

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collection of few very good books

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