Load Frequency Control of Microgrids

The book focuses on describing the emerging microgrid concept, and its various constituents, especially the EV technology, and investigates the load frequency control performance of different microgrid configurations by implementing the modern control theory. An exhaustive study is presented on the various renewable energy sources and an up-to-date status of their installed capacity and power generation. The text presents case studies for load frequency control of a microgrid in its various operating modes.

This book:

• Discusses power system stability, significance of load frequency control in power system, modeling of a microgrid, and frequency deviation response.
• Covers various energy storage technologies such as superconducting magnetic energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, and compressed air energy storage.
• Presents modes of interaction of the electric vehicles with the utility grid and implementation of the electric vehicles for load frequency control.
• Illustrates control approaches for load frequency control and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.
• Showcases the study of load frequency control for standalone microgrid systems, grid-connected microgrid systems, and multi-microgrid systems.

It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, and graduate students in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, communication engineering, and renewable energy.

Dr. Bhuvnesh Khokhar is currently Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering with Galgotias College of Engineering and Tech- nology (GCET), Greater Noida, Gautam Bud- dha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. He obtained his BE (Hons) in Electrical Engineering from Chhotu Ram State College of Engineering (now Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology), Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, India in 2010, M.Tech (Hons) in Power Systems in 2012 and Ph.D in Power Systems in 2021 from Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, India. His research areas include operation and control of microgrids, renewable energy, electric vehicles, economic load dispatch, optimization algorithms, in- telligent and robust control. Dr. Khokhar has published around 20 research papers in various National and International Journals and Conference Pro- ceedings including Applied Energy (Elsevier), Applied Soft Computing (Else- vier), Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (Springer), and Electric Power Components and Systems (Taylor & Francis)

Dr. K. P. Singh Parmar is a Deputy Direc- tor (Technical) with NPTI, Faridabad, Haryana, India. He obtained his BE (Hons) in Electrical Engineering from GEC, Rewa (MP), M.Tech. in Energy from IIT, Delhi and Ph.D. in Electrical (Power Systems) from IIT, Guwahati. He has been involved in teaching, training, consultancy and research since 2001. His contributions to the consultancy assignment of setting up a National Power Academy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have been well appreciated. He was the project in-charge of DPR preparation for conversion of HT/LT overhead lines to Underground cables, automation etc for the Ayodhya city under MVVNL. He has con- tributed about 50 research papers in the National/International Journals and Conference Proceedings. He has contributed a chapter on AC Machines in- cluded in a book published by IGNOU, New Delhi. He has also authored a book on Management of Transmission System. Recently, Dr. Parmar has contributed a book chapter in a book titled Advanced Frequency Regulation Strategies in Renewable Dominated Modern Power Systems (Elsevier) 2024. His research interests include Automatic Generation Control, Optimal load dispatch/scheduling, Power System Operation and Control, Power System Re- structuring, Renewable Energy, Energy Management System, AI Applications in Power System.

Dr. Tripta Thakur is Director General, Na- tional Power Training Institute (NPTI), apex body of Ministry of Power, Government of In- dia. She was earlier Head and Professor, Elec- trical Engineering Department at the National Institute of Technology, MANIT-Bhopal, India. She is a graduate in Electrical Engineering with Master’s degree in Power Electronics from IIT- Kanpur, and has a PhD from IIT-Delhi. She has been recipient of several awards such as Commonwealth Research Scholar at University of Dundee (2005-2008), UK, Commonwealth Academic fellow at Durham University Business School (2014), UK, COFUND Senior researcher at Durham University Business School (2016), Visiting Fac- ulty at Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok (2010), technical member for International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), SEG4 Group, ISGF (MoP) working group member etc. She has teaching and research experience of 28 years, and has nearly 100 publications to her credit. She has also been a Con- sultant for evolving a possible Common South Asian Electricity Markets. She has done various consultancies for Distribution companies in India.

Dr. D. P. Kothari obtained his BE (Elec- trical) in 1967, ME (Power Systems) in 1969 and Ph.D in 1975 from BITS, Pilani, Rajasthan, India. From 1969 to 1977, he was involved in teaching and development of several courses at BITS Pilani. Earlier Dr. Kothari served as Vice Chancellor, VIT, Vellore, Director in-charge and Deputy Director (Administration) as well as Head in the Center of Energy Studies at IIT, Delhi and as Principal, VRCE, Nagpur. He was visiting professor at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, during 1982-83 and 1989, for two years. He was also NSF Fellow at Perdue University, USA in 1992. He has published/presented 840 research papers in various National as well as International journals, conferences, guided 57 Ph.D scholars and 68 M. Tech. students, and authored 75 books. Having received 89 awards till now, his awards include the National Khosla Award for Lifetime Achievements in Engineering (2005) from IIT Roorkee, UGC National Swami Pranavandana Saraswati Award (2005), etc. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Engi- neering, Fellow of Indian National Academy of Science, Fellow of Institution of Engineers, Fellow IEEE, Hon. Fellow ISTE and Fellow IETE. Currently, Dr. Kothari is Chairman, Board of Governors of THDC IHET, Tehri, India.