Riassunto
Logic Programming was founded 25 years ago. This exciting new text reveals both the evolution of this programming paradigm since its inception and the impressively broad scope of current research in Logic Programming. The contributions to the book deal with both theoretical and practical issues. They address such diverse topics as: computational molecular biology, machine learning, mobile computing, multi-agent systems, planning, numerical computing and dynamical systems, database systems, an alternative to the "formulas as types" approach, program semantics and analysis, and natural language processing. The contributors are all leading world experts in Logic Programming and their contributions were all invited and refereed.
Contenuti
I. Computing and Programming.- 1 Concurrent and Agent Programming.- Logic Programming and Multi-Agent Systems: A Synergic Combination for Applications and Semantics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Why and Which LP Languages for MAS Development?.- 3 A General Multi-Agent System Architecture.- 4 A Multi-Agent System Specification Language.- 5 Towards a Specification Methodology.- 6 Conclusions and Future Work.- Inference and Computation Mobility with Jinni.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The World of Jinni.- 3 Jinni as a Logic Programming Java Component.- 4 Basic Agent Programming with Jinni.- 5 What’s New in Jinni.- 6 Jinni’s Logical Engine.- 7 A Meta-circular Interpreter for Jinni.- 8 Mutual Agent/Host Security: the Bring Your Own Wine Principle.- 9 Application Domains.- 10 Conclusion.- Concurrent Logic/Constraint Programming: The Next 10 Years.- 1 Grand Challenges.- 2 Two Approaches to Addressing Novel Applications.- 3 Logic Programming vs. Concurrent Logic Programming.- 4 An Application Domain: Parallel/Network Programming.- 5 Experiences with Guarded Horn Clauses and KL1.- 6 Some Failures and Problems.- 7 Conclusions.- 2 Program Analysis and Methodology.- Formulas as Programs.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Computation Mechanism.- 3 Soundness and Completeness.- 4 Extensions.- 5 Relation to Other Approaches.- 6 Alma-0.- 7 Example: Partitioning a Rectangle into Squares.- 8 Current and Future Work.- 9 Appendix.- Link-time Optimization of Multi-Language Programs.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Challenges in Link Time Optimization.- 3 System Organization.- 4 Program Optimization.- 5 Performance Results.- 6 Discussion.- 7 Conclusions.- Horn Logic Denotations and Their Applications.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Logical Denotations.- 3 Provably Correct Compilation.- 4 Program Denotation and Verification.- 5 Specification, Implementation and Verification of DSL Programs.- 6 Semantic Porting.- 7 Other Applications.- 8 Related Work.- 9 Conclusions.- Global Analysis, Partial Specifications, and Assertions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Overall Framework Architecture and Operation.- 3 The Assertion Language.- 4 Defining Properties.- 5 A Simple Run-time Checking Scheme.- 6 Compile-Time Checking.- 7 A Sample Debugging Session with the CIAO System.- 8 Some Practical Hints on Debugging with Assertions.- 9 A Preliminary Experimental Evaluation.- 10 Discussion.- A Code for Run-time Checking.- 3 Future of Declarative Programming.- Assessment of Some Issues in CL-Theory and Program Development.- 1 Introduction: on assessment.- 2 Implementation, analysis and transformation.- 3 “Algorithm = Logic + Control” revisited.- 4 Conclusions: future directions.- How Enterprises Use Functional Languages, and Why They Don’t.- 1 An Angry Half Dozen.- 2 Why No One Uses Functional Languages.- 3 Functional and Logic Programming.- 4 Continuous Mathematics.- Continuous Models of Computation for Logic Programs.- 1 Orientation.- 2 The Contention and a Caution.- 3 Long-term Expectations.- 4 Relationship to Prior Work.- 5 Continualizing Propositional Connectives.- 6 A Continuous-Time Example.- 7 A Fundamental Discrete-time System.- 8 Emergent Phenomena from Tuning.- The Logic Programming Paradigm in Numerical Computation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Numerical Programs Need Verification.- 3 From Prolog to CLP(R).- 4 Sound CLP(R).- 5 Proving ND/ID Formulas.- 6 Related Work.- 7 Conclusions.- II. Knowledge Representation and Modeling.- 5 Constraints.- Computational Molecular Biology: A Promising Application Using LP and its Extensions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 A Minimalist Introduction to DNA and Protein Generation.- 3 Top-Down Description of Protein Generation from DNA.- 4 Grammars Defining DNA Components.- 5 Motivation for Introducing DAGs.- 6 Obtaining DAGs From NDFSA.- 7 Chromatic NDFSA and DAGs.- 8 Introducing “Criteria”.- 9 Alternation of Introns and Exons Using NDFSA.- 10 Related Approaches.- 11 Other Problems in Computational Molecular Biology.- 12 Areas in CS That Are Applicable in Molecular Biology.- 13 Some Comments About DNA Computing.- 14 Final Remarks.- Adding Constraints to Logic-based Formalisms.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Logic Formalisms.- 3 Constraints.- 4 Adding Constraints to Logic Formalisms.- 5 Constraints in Logic Formalisms.- 6 Conclusion.- 6 Machine Learning.- A Perspective on Inductive Logic Programming.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Inductive Logic Programming.- 3 The Methodology of Inductive Logic Programming.- 4 The Relation Between Inductive Logic Programming and Logic Programming.- 5 Research Directions for Inductive Logic Programming.- From Deduction to Induction: Logical Perspective.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Inverse Entailment.- 3 Subsumption and Entailment.- 4 Completion of the Algorithm.- 5 Abductive Inference in ILP.- 6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions.- 7 Answer Set Programming.- Action Languages, Answer Sets, and Planning.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Incomplete Information.- 3 Action Language A.- 4 Answer Sets and Histories.- 5 Computing Answer Sets.- 6 Causal Reasoning.- 7 Action Language C.- 8 From C to Logic Programming.- 9 Planning for Domains Described in C.- 10 Topics for Future Work.- 11 Conclusion.- Stable Models and an Alternative Logic Programming Paradigm.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Horn Logic Programming.- 3 Negation in Logic Programming.- 4 Stable Logic Programming.- 5 Expressive Power of SLP.- 6 Recursion Versus Constraints.- 7 Uniform Control in SLP.- 8 Conclusions and Future Directions.- 8 Database Systems.- Logic-Based User-Defined Aggregates for the Next Generation of Database Systems.- 1 Introduction.- 2 New Applications Require New Aggregates.- 3 User-Defined Aggregates: the State of the Art.- 4 Aggregates with Early Returns.- 5 Formal Semantics.- 6 Monotonic Aggregation.- 7 Implementation of Extended Aggregates.- 8 Applications of Monotone Aggregation.- 9 Applications to SQL Databases.- 10 Conclusions.- 9 Natural Language Processing.- The Logic of Language.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Some Basic Problems in Natural Language Processing.- 3 The Omnipresence of Logic in Language.- 4 Linguistically Principled Approaches to Natural Language Processing.- 5 A Computational Linguist’s Wishlist for Prolog.- 6 What Fashion of the Day Are We Losing To?.- 7 How Can Logic Programming Benefit from Regaining the Market?.- 8 Assumptive Logic Programming and Grammars.- 9 Controlling Virtual Worlds and Robots Through Natural Language.- 10 Concept Based Retrieval Through Natural Language.- 11 Database Initialization from Natural Language.- 12. Conclusion.
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