Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells : Regulation and Function

This book is the outcome of a meeting held in Davos, Switzerland, February 7-12, 1982 focused primarily on mononuclear phagocytes and on natural killer (NK) cells. This IX International RES Congress was attended by 489 scientists from 31 countries and there were 340 scientific presentations in oral or poster session. The essential purpose of the Congress was to bring together scientists representing various aspects of mononuclear phagocyte biology to review and examine cri~ically the effects and mechanisms of macrophage growth control as well as the participatio~ of these cells in the afferent and efferent limbs of the immune response. Additional topics included the production and distribution of mono­ nuclear phagocytes; the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of these cells; and the origin, nature, function and regulation of NK cells. The ultimate goal of the Congress was to enhance communication between scientists in various countries and disciplines so that new research directives could be defined with which to explore basic aspects of macrophage and NK cell participation in the control of cancer and infection.

Opening Address.- The Impact of Immunology on Medicine.- Major Addresses.- Membrane Receptors and the Regulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Effector Functions.- Regulation of Macrophage Production.- Symbiotic Relationships between Macrophages and Lymphocytes.- Macrophages and Cancer Metastasis.- Immunological Surveillance versus Immunological Stimulation of Oncogenesis- a Formal Proof of the Stimulation Hypothesis.- Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis.- Physical and Chemical Determinants of Leukocyte Locomotion.- Functionally Distinct Subpopulations of Human Monocytes: Receptors for F-Met-Leu-Phe are Expressed only on the Chemotactically Responsive Cells.- Modulation of Granulocyte Response to the Chemoattractant F-Met-Leu-Phe.- Cytoskeleton-Membrane Interaction and the Remodeling of the Cell Surface during Phagocytosis and Chemotaxis.- Enhancement of Phagocytosis by Neurotensin, a Newly Found Biological Activity of the Neuropeptide.- A Membrane Lectin on Macrophages: Localization and Demonstration of Receptor Recycling.- Cationic Polyelectrolytes and Leukocyte Factors Function as Opsonins, Triggers of Chemilluminescence and Activators of Autolytic Enzymes in Bacteria: Modulation by Anionic Polyelectrolytes in Relation to Inflammation.- Phagocytic Enhancement of Granulocytes and Monocytes by Cationic Proteins from Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.- Inhibition of Complement Dependent Phagocytosis by Normal Human Monocytes following Preincubation with Immune Complexes.- Promonocytes and Monocytes.- Comparison of the In Vivo and In Vitro Proliferation of Monoblasts, Promonocytes, and the Macrophage Cell Line J774.- Properties of the Factor Increasing Monocytopoiesis (FIM) in Rabbit Peripheral Blood.- Monocyte Production and Kinetics in Response to Listeriosis in Resistant and Susceptible Murine Hosts.- MC-1, Identification of an Early Differentiation Marker for Bone Marrow Cells in a Monocytic/ Granulocytic Lineage.- Isolation and Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets.- Separation and Characterization of Guinea Pig Monocyte Subsets using Counter-Flow Centrifugation Elutriation (CCE).- Changes in Surface Markers of Human Monocytes Following their In Vitro Maturation to Macrophages.- Correlation Between Two New Methods for the Isolation of Human Monocytes: Specific Reversible Agglutination with a Carbohydrate from Pokeweed and by use of the Lectin PA-4.- Characteristics of Human Monocyte Subpopulations with the Use of Flow Cytometer.- Growth Regulation by Macrophages.- Growth Regulation by Macrophages.- Regulation of Bone-Marrow Macrophage Proliferation.- Use of Glucan to Enhance Hemopoietic Recovery after Exposure to Cobalt-60 Irradiation.- The Role of Helper Monocytes in Mitogenic Activation of Human T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations.- Selection of an Immunogenic 3LL Tumor Subline Following Serial Growth In Vivo in the Local Presence of Peritoneal Macrophages.- Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Control of Primary and Secondary Tumor Growth.- Leukocyte Inflammatory Responses.- Synthesis and Release of Lytic Enzymes by Macrophages in Chronic Inflammation.- Weak-Base Induced Lysosomal Secretion by Macrophages: An Alternative Trigger Mechanism that is Independent of Complement Activation.- Inflammatory Response of LPS-Hyporesponsive and LPS-Responsive Mice to Challenge with Gram-Negative Bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium and Klebsiella Pneumoniae.- Characterization of the Leucocytic Infiltrate of Rheumatoid Synovium from Tissue Sections and Synovial Eluates.- Inhibitors of Monocyte Responses to Chemotaxins are Associated with Human Neoplasms.- Depression of Monocyte Inflammatory Response with Pregnancy, Cancer, Regeneration and Surgical Wound Repair.- Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage Chemotaxis in Malignant Tumors of the Lung.- Serum Blocking Factors in Tumor Bearing Hosts: The Value of Extended Plasma Exchange of In Vitro Immune Parameters of Patients with Advanced Cancer.- The Role of the Inflammatory Response During Tumor Growth.- Defining Macrophage Heterogeneity.- Differentiation Antigens and Macrophage Heterogeneity.- Surface Properties of Activated Macrophages: Sensitized Lymphocytes, Specific Antigen and Lymphokines Reduce Expression of Antigen F4/80 and Fc and Mannose/Fucosyl Receptors, but Induce Ia.- Antigenic Markers on Human Monocytes and Macrophages.- Human Mononuclear Phagocytes Differentiation Antigens.- A Cell Surface Marker Expressed on Cytotoxic Peritoneal Macrophages and Normal Lung Macrophages.- Macrophage Functional Heterogeneity.- Macrophage Hybridomas: An Approach to the Analysis of the Functional Heterogeneity of Macrophages.- Distinction of Macrophage Subpopulations: Measurement of Functional Cell Parameters by Flow Cytometry.- Flow Cytometric Characterization of Macrophages: Fluorescent Substrates as Markers of Activation and Differentiation.- Macrophage Regulation.- Extrinsic Regulation of Macrophage Function by Lymphokines ― Effect of Lymphokines on the Stimulated Oxidative Metabolism of Macrophages.- Activation of Tumoricidal and/or Suppressor Macrophages: Different Stimulatory Signals Trigger either Function both In Vivo and In Vitro.- Production of Macrophage Activating Factor by Cytolytic and Noncytolytic T Lymphocyte Clones.- Identification of a T Cell Hybridoma which Produces Extraordinary Quantities of Macrophage Activating Factor.- Autoregulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte function.- Regulation of Macrophage Functions by Interferon.- Influence of Macrophage Activation on the Synthesis of Complement Components C2, C3, C4.- Peritoneal Macrophages Release Prostaglandin E and Thromboxane B2 in Response to C3b.- Prostaglandin E2 is a Feed-Back Regulator of Macrophage Activation.- Antigen Presenting Macrophages.- Mechanisms Controlling Differentiation and Function of Antigen-Presenting Macrophages.- Characteristics of an IA+ Antigen-Presenting Tumor Cell Line.- Antigen Presentation In Vitro by a Murine Macrophage Cell Line.- Ir Gene Regulation of T Cell Proliferation: Requirement for Ia and Antigen Expression on the same Accessory Cell.- Biochemical Evidence for Multiple Ia Molecules.- Ia Determinants on Macrophages: Significance and Role in the Immune Response.- Regulation of Macrophage Ia Expression In Vivo and In Vitro.- Ia and Macrophages in Alloproliferation and Allocytotoxicity.- Role of Macrophages in Human Disease.- Fibronectin: A Mediator of Phagocytosis and its Potential in Treating Septic Shock.- Fibronectin Binds to Charge-Modified Proteins.- RES-Saturation with Accumulation of Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complexes in Plasma. A Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Free Haptoglobin and Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complexes.- ?2M-Proteinase Complexes are Taken up by Macrophages during Joint Inflammation.- Splenic Function in Primary Glomerulonephritis.- Immunopathology of Pulmonary Granulomas.- An Investigation about Cell Proliferation in Lymph Node Granulomas Obtained from Sarcoidosis Patients.- Functional Assessment of Alveolar Macrophages in Allergic Asthmatic Patients.- Activation and Effector Mechanisms Against Microbes and Tumors.- Macrophage Activation and Effector Mechanisms against Microbes.- Release of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide from Guinea-Pig Alveolar Macrophages during Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium Bovis BCG.- Stimulation by Various Lectins of Intracellular Killing of Micro-Organisms by Phagocytic Cells.- Glucan Immunomodulation in Experimental E. Coli Sepsis.- Activation of Murine Mononuclear Phagocytes for Destroying Tumor Cells: Analysis of Effector Mechanisms and Development.- Human Monocyte Killing of Tumor Cells: Contribution of an Extracellular Cytotoxin.- The Effect of C. Parvum Therapy on Intratumoral Macrophage Subpopulations.- Tumoricidal and Immunoregulatory Activity of Macrophages from Human Ovarian Carcinomas.- Natural Resistance Mechanisms.- Natural Resistance Mechanisms: Introduction.- Naturally Occurring Cytotoxic Cells.- Regulation of Natural Cytotoxic Activity.- The Role of NK Cells in Resistance of In Vivo Tumors.- Role of Natural Killer Cells and of Interferon in Natural Resistance against Virus Infections.- Overview and Perspectives: Natural Resistance Mechanisms.- Meeting Report.- A Pessimist at the Congress.- The Macrophage and Cancer Pas de Deux.- Contributors.- Author Index.