Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress Using Neutron Diffraction

Aaron D. Krawitz

ISBN 10: 9401052425 / ISBN 13: 9789401052429

Editore: Springer Netherlands, 2012

Riguardo questo articolo

Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - The accurate, absolute, and non-destructive measurement of residual stress fields within metallic, ceramic, and composite engineering components has been one of the major problems facing engineers for many years, and so the extension of X-ray methods to the use of neutrons represents a major advance. The technique utilizes the unique penetrating power of the neutron into most engineering materials, combined with the sensitivity of diffraction, to measure the separation of lattice planes within grains of polycrystalline engineering materials, thus providing an internal strain gauge. The strain is then converted to stress using calibrated elastic constants. It was just over ten years ago that the initial neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress were carried out, and during the ensuing decade measurements have commenced at most steady state reactors and pulsed sources around the world. So swift has been the development of the field that, in addition to fundamental scientific studies, commercial measurements have been made on industrial components for several years now. The use of neutrons is ideally suited to the determination of triaxial macrostress tensors, macrostress gradients, and microstresses in composites and multiphase alloys as well as deformed, plastically anisotropic metals and alloys. To date, it has been used to investigate welded and heat-treated industrial components, to characterize composites, to study the response of material under applied loads, to calibrate more portable methods such as ultrasonics, and to verify computer modelling calculations of residual and applied stress.

Codice articolo 9789401052429

Dati bibliografici

• Titolo: Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress Using Neutron Diffraction
• Editore: Springer Netherlands
• Data di pubblicazione: 2012
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 9401052425
• ISBN 13: 9789401052429
• Rilegatura: Taschenbuch
• Condizione: Neu
• Dimensioni: 240 L x 160 A x 33 P (millimetri) 240 millimetri di larghezza per 160 millimetri di altezza per 33 millimetri di profondità
• Peso: 963 grammi

Descrizione articolo

Riassunto

The accurate, absolute, and non-destructive measurement of residual stress fields within metallic, ceramic, and composite engineering components has been one of the major problems facing engineers for many years, and so the extension of X-ray methods to the use of neutrons represents a major advance. The technique utilizes the unique penetrating power of the neutron into most engineering materials, combined with the sensitivity of diffraction, to measure the separation of lattice planes within grains of polycrystalline engineering materials, thus providing an internal strain gauge. The strain is then converted to stress using calibrated elastic constants. It was just over ten years ago that the initial neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress were carried out, and during the ensuing decade measurements have commenced at most steady state reactors and pulsed sources around the world. So swift has been the development of the field that, in addition to fundamental scientific studies, commercial measurements have been made on industrial components for several years now. The use of neutrons is ideally suited to the determination of triaxial macrostress tensors, macrostress gradients, and microstresses in composites and multiphase alloys as well as deformed, plastically anisotropic metals and alloys. To date, it has been used to investigate welded and heat-treated industrial components, to characterize composites, to study the response of material under applied loads, to calibrate more portable methods such as ultrasonics, and to verify computer modelling calculations of residual and applied stress.

Contenuti

Preface. 1. Overview. 2. Background. 3. Aspects of Fundamental Principles. 4. Aspects of Experimental Measurement. 5. Instrumentation. 5.a. Instrumentation: Steady State Reactor. 5.b. Instrumentation: Pulsed Neutron Source. 6. Composites. 7. Measurements on Bulk Components. 8. Comparison of Neutron with X-Rays and Other Stress Probes. Author Index. Subject Index.