Riassunto
Twenty five years ago, Bill Stebbins presented the principles of animal psychophysics in an edited volume (Stebbins, 1970) describing an array of modem, creative methodologies for investigating the range of sensory systems in a variety of vertebrate species. These principles included precise stimulus control, a well defined behavioral response, and a rigorous behavioral procedure appropriate to the organism under study. As a generation of comparative sensory scientists applied these principles, our knowledge of sensory and perceptual function in a wide range of animal species has grown dramatically, especially in the field of hearing. Comparative psychoacoustics, i. e. , the study of the hearing capabilities in animals using behavioral methods, is an area of animal psychophysics that has seen remarkable advances in methodology over the past 25 years. Acoustic stimuli are now routinely generated using digital methods providing the researcher with unprecedented possibilities for stimulus control and experimental design. The strategies and paradigms for data collection and analysis are becoming more refined as well, again due in large part to the widespread use of computers. In this volume, the reader will find a modem array of strategies designed to measure detection and discrimination of both simple and complex acoustic stimuli as well experimental designs to assess how organisms perceive, identify and classify acoustic stimuli. Refinements in modem methodologies now make it possible to compare diverse species tested under similar, if not identical, experimental conditions.
Contenuti
Technical Aspects of Animal Psychoacoustics.- Introductory Remarks.- Signal Processing Technology in Animal Psychoacoustics.- Acoustic Equipment and Sound Field Calibration.- Psychophysical Methods.- The Study of Basic Hearing Mechanisms.- Introductory Remarks.- Constant Stimulus and Tracking Procedures for Measuring Sensitivity.- Conditioned Avoidance.- Design and Conduct of Sensory Experiments for Domestic Cats.- Methods in Directional Hearing.- Psychoacoustic Studies in Bats.- Observer-based Approaches to Human Infant Psychoacoustics.- Adaptive Tracking Procedures to Measure Auditory Sensitivity in Songbirds.- The Method of Constant Stimuli in Testing Auditory Sensitivity in Small Birds.- Sound Localization Studies in Non-specialized Birds.- Sound-localization Experiments in Owls.- Reflex Modification: A Tool for Assessing Basic Auditory Function in Anuran Amphibians.- Phonotaxis in Female Frogs and Toads: Execution and Design of Experiments.- Studying Sound Localization in Frogs with Behavioral Methods.- Natural Orienting Behaviors For Measuring Lateral Line Function.- Psychoacoustical Studies of the Sense of Hearing in the Goldfish using Conditioned Respiratory Suppression.- Investigations of Fish Hearing Ability Using an Automated Reward Method.- Integrative Perceptual Processes.- Introductory Remarks.- Methods to Assess the Processing of Speech Sounds by Animals.- Classification and Categorization Procedures.- Psychophysical Methods for Assessing Perceptual Categories.- The Discrimination-Transfer Procedure for Studying Auditory Perception and Perceptual Invariance in Animals.- Uncertainty in the Study of Comparative Perception: A Methodological Challenge.
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