Microenvironmental Aspects of Immunity: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Lymphatic Tissue and Germinal Centers in Immune Reactions held in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, June 2630, 1972 (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

Investigation of the morphology and function of lym­ phatic tissue evolved rapidly during the past few years. Many new aspects and dimensions have proved to be of gre­ at significance for the understanding of processes which are triggered by immunological means. The cellular coor­ dination that operates in immune response emphasizes aga­ in the importance of immuno-ecologic relations in the lymphatic tissue. It has become obvious that both the morphologic and the molecular properties of lymphatic cells are essential for their functional expression. Furthermore, the emerging body of evidence clearly shows that nonlymphatic cells (e.g. reticular cells and neu­ rons) and substances that exert neurohumoral and hormo­ nal activities should be regarded as normal constituents of the microenvironment of lymphatic tissue. The immune phenomena are, therefore, direct derivates of processes that occur in this microenvironment. Such a view of the microenvironment of immunity calls for immunoendocrino­ logic, immunoneurologic and immunopharmacologic projects, it stimulates the creative imagination, and encourages research workers to enter into unexplored areas of the immunosciences. This book illustrates the joint efforts made by scientists from various parts of the world and armed with different ideas and views, to solve some of the mysteries of lymphatic tissue microenvironment. The Fourth Conference took place in the lovely set­ ting of Dubrovnik and in the shade of olive trees under which philosophers used to meditate in ancient times.

Opening Remark.- Structural Correlates of Immune Microenvironment.- Session 1 Microenvironmental Aspects of Lymphatic Tissue.- Introduction: Microenvironments in the Lymphoid System.- Differentiation of B Lymphocytes from Stem Cell Precursors.- Hemopoietic Origin of B Cells in the Mouse.- Lymphocyte Differentiation in the Chicken Embryo ― Relationship to the Microenvironment.- The Lymphoid Development of the Embryonic Chicken Thymus in Organ Culture.- Colonizing Capacity of Lymphoid Cells Injected into Syngeneic Hosts.- Differential Traffic Patterns of T and B Lymphocytes in Relation to Germinal Centre Development.- Ecotaxis of B Cells in the Mouse.- Homing of B-Lymphocytes to Follicles: Specific Retention of Immunologically Committed Cells.- Antigenic Markers on Lymphoid Cells Varying in Their Capacity to Recirculate.- Thymus Cell Migration: 3HTdR-Labeled and Theta-Positive Cells in Peripheral Lymphoid Tissues of Newborn Mice.- Lymph Node Function and Lymphocyte Circulation in the Pig.- Germinal Centers: A Microenvironment for the Production of Antibody Forming Precursors?.- Microenvironmental Aspects of Lymphatic Tissue: Summary.- Session 2 Interaction of Lymphatic Cells.- Introduction: Cell Cooperation in Antibody Production ― A Perspective with Questions.- Functional Heterogeneity of Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes.- Some Cell Surface Properties of Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes in Bursectomized Chickens.- Studies on the Influence of T Cells in Antibody Responses of Mice to SIII and DNP-Lysine-SIII.- Induction of Anti-Hapten Antibody Responses against Haptens Conjugated to Autologous and Heterologous Proteins.- Contribution of B and T Lymphocytes to in vitro Chicken Proliferative Spleen Cell Reactions to Antigens.- Proliferation of Activated Thymocytes in Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions.- Lymphoid Cell Interactions in Cell-Mediated Immunity.- Appendix and Thymus Cell Synergism in the Direct and Indirect Plaque Forming Cell Response to Sheep Erythrocytes.- The Role of Soluble Factors in T-B Cell Collaboration.- Studies on the Source and Action of the T-Cell Replacing Factor (TRF).- Thymus Extracts Induce Differentiation of Thymus Derived Cells.- Interaction of Lymphatic Cells: Summary.- Session 3 Antigen Recognizing and Processing Cells.- Introduction: Antigen Recognizing and Processing Cells.- Immunoglobulin Surface Determinants on Chicken Lymphoid Cells.- Functional and Morphologic Characteristics of Complement Receptor Lymphocytes in Mice.- Stimulation of Mouse Thymocytes by Syngeneic Spleen Cells in Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions.- Differential Induction and Suppression of Direct and Indirect PFC Responses to TNP Conjugated to Heterologous Erythrocytes.- Reconstitution of Primary Response in vitro by Defined Peritoneal Cells.- Uptake and Degradation of a Synthetic Antigen by Mouse Macrophages Containing Different Levels of Lysosomal Enzymes.- Direct Evidence for Plaque Formation by Macrophages.- The Proportion of Lymphocytes Capable of Recognizing Strong Transplantation Antigens in vivo.- Recovery of the Immune Response after Depletion of Specific Cells.- Early Appearance of Antigen-Binding Cells to Two Different Antigens during Fetal Lymphoid Development.- Antigen Recognizing and Processing Cells: Summary.- Session 4 Cellular Aspects of Immune Deficiency Diseases.- Introduction: Cellular Aspects of Immune Deficiency Diseases Involving B Cells.- Enhancement of the Immune Response of Genetically Thymus-Less Mice by Different Cell Populations.- Thymus Factors and Immunity: Enhancement of Immunologic Maturation by a Purified Calf Thymus Extract.- Involution of the Thymus Dependent Lymphoid System.- A Study on Human T Lymphocytes, Their Function and Frequency in Some Diseases.- Evidence of Two Functionally Distinct Lymphocyte Populations in Man.- The Relation between Nutritional Deprivation and Immunity.- Combined System Immunodeficiency with DiGeorge Syndrome and Dissociation of PHA/MLC Responses.- Transplantation of Haemopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Concentrates for Treatment of Immune Deficiency Disease.- Immunological and Clinical Effects of Transfer Factor in Anergic Subjects.- Cellular Aspects of Immune Deficiency Diseases: Summary.- Session 5 Lymphatic Tissue in Tolerance, Immunosuppression and Facilitation.- Introduction: Different Types of Immunological Unresponsiveness.- Mechanism of Antigen Binding to Receptor Antibody in B Cell Immunity and Tolerance in vitro.- Characteristics of B Cell Tolerance Induced with T-Independent Polysaccharides.- Cortisone Interfering with the Production of “T and B Cells”.- Immunosuppression of the Thymectomized Fetal Lamb and Its Neonatal Reconstitution.- Antigen Recognition and Localization in RES Blockaded Mice: Morphologic and Immunologic Studies.- The Effect of Cyclophosphamide on the Primary Humoral Immune Response. The Immunological Priming.- Germinal Center in Rat Lymphatic Tissues after the Administration of L-Asparaginase.- Enhancement of Tumour Growth by Lymphoid Cells from Mice Treated with Antilymphocyte Globulin.- Role of the Spleen in Immunologic Enhancement of Kidney Grafts in Rats.- Tolerance in Ovum Fusion Derived Tetraparental Mouse in Chimaeras.- Role of IgG1 in Immunological Enhancement ― Facilitation.- Lymphatic Tissue in Tolerance, Immunosuppression and Facilitation: Summary.- Session 6 Reaction of Lymphatic Tissue in Neoplastic Disease.- Introduction: Immune Reactions to Neoplastic Disease.- Foetal Liver Stem Cells Inhibition by Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma.- Suppressed Plaque and Rosette-Formation by Spleen Cells of Mice Injected with Tumor Extracts.- Immunosuppressive Factors Associated with Tumors.- Effect of Therapy and Tumour Stage on Cellular Immunity to Bladder Carcinoma.- Phase Specific Surface Autoantigens on Membranes of Fetus and Tumors.- B Cell, T Cell and Monocyte Origin of the Guinea Pig L2C Leukemia, Mouse Lymphomas and Human Leukemias and Lymphoblastic Cell Lines.- Immunocytes and Leukemia Virus Infection: Effects on Bone Marrow and Thymus Cell Responses and Interactions.- Influence of the Lymphatic System on Development of a Virus-Induced Tumor (Reticuloendotheliosis) in the Chicken.- Immune Reactions of the Syngeneic Host after the Intradermal Injection of Tumor Cells and Microsomes.- Enhancement of Metastases by L-Asparaginase in Allogeneic and Isogeneic Mouse Tumor Systems.- Reaction of Lymphatic Tissue in Neoplastic Disease: Summary.- Session 7 Lymphatic Tissue in Immunopathology, with Special Reference to Delayed Hypersensitivity.- Introduction: Interaction between B and T Lymphocytes in Delayed Hypersensitivity.- Contact Sensitivity in the Pig.- The Effect of Lymphatic Interruption and Immediate Vascularization on the Afferent Arc of Skin Graft Rejection.- Homograft Sensitivity in the Mouse: The Periodic Redistribution of Sensitised Lymphoid Cells.- The Onset and Time-Course of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats.- Adjuvants and in vitro Antibody Production.- Basophilic Leucocytes in Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reactions in Experimental Animals and Man.- Antibody and Cell Requirements for Cytotoxicity by Non-Immune Effector Cells.- The Induction of a Cellular Immune Reaction against Self-Antigens Present in the Thymus.- Germinal Center Formation in Response to Skin Grafted across Weak and Strong Histocompatibility (H2) Barriers.- Thymectomy and Bursectomy in Chickens with Simultaneous Experimental and Spontaneous Autoimmune Disease.- Possible Role of Lymphokines in the Development of Ectopic Lymphoid Foci in the Chicken.- Mediators of Cellular Hypersensitivity and Immunity Including Immunologically Specific Factors.- Lymphatic Tissue in Immunopathology, with Special Reference to Delayed Hypersensitivity: Summary.- Session 8 New Experimental Approaches.- Introduction: New Experimental Approaches.- Manipulation of Fertilised Mouse Eggs Applied to Immunology.- The Use of Germ-Free Piglets in the Study of Lymphoid Tissue and Germinal Centre Formation.- Influence of Thymus on the Development of Endocrine and Immune Functions in Ontogeny.- Hormones and Lymphoid Tissues. Contact Sensitivity and Detection of Theta-Cells in Pituitary Dwarf Mice.- Immune Response and Lymphatic Tissue Reaction in Brain-Lesioned Rats.- Stress and Hormonal Intervention in the Graft-versus-Host Response.- Antibody Responses in Cell Cultures from Draining and Non-Draining Rabbit Lymph Nodes Primed with Native or Polymerized Human Albumin.- Changes in DNA Synthesis During Immunization in Mouse Spleen as Shown by Autoradiographs with Long Exposure Times.- The Specific Separation of Enzyme Antigen-Binding Cells by Substrate Affinity Chromatography.- New Experimental Approaches: Summary.- Invitev Speakers.- Molecular Pharmacology of Cell-Mediated Immunity.- Immuno-Embryology. The Onset of Immunocompetence in Mammals and Birds Integrated by Age-Equivalence.