Microenvironments in the Lymphoid System

Since 1966, at ro~ghly three-yearly intervals, an internation­ al group of immunologists has met somewhere in Europe to discuss the latest developments in our understanding of the mechanisms governing the functioning of the immune system in vivo. These meetings have become known as the International C,mferences on Lymphatic Tissues and Germinal Centers in Immune Reactions, or for the regular devotees, simply as the Germinal Cent'~r Conferences (GCC). This volume represents the proceedings of the 8th GCC, which was held in Babraham, near Cambridge, UK, between the 14th and 17th August, 1984. When one considers how cellular immunology has become increas­ ingly dominated by in vitro methodology over the past twenty years, it may seem remarkable that these conferences·hav~ survived at all, let alone prospered. However, I for one do not find this surprising, since I suspect that the exquisitely :omplex architect­ ure and microenvironments of the lymphoid system will never be fully understood through in vitro studies. If "tae proper study of mankind is ~an", then surely ultimately the proper study of all the interacting elements which comprise the immune system has to be in vivo. This belief is shared by a substantial number of immunol­ ogists, as the contents of this volume will attest. Although the GCC were originally devoted to unravelling the mysteries of the germinal center response (and these are still not fully resolved), over the years the scope of the meetings has inevitably broadened.

B-Cell Differentiation, Subpopulations, the Role of Germinal Centers.- Prospects for Understanding the Role of Lymphoid Microenvironments in B Cell Differentiation in Vivo.- Pre-B Cells in Rat Bone Marrow: Identification, Surface Markers and Isolation.- T Cell Markers on Pre-B cells in the Rat.- Ig Light Chain Gene Rearrangement and Chromosomal Abnormality in the LAMA Early B-Lineage Tumour of the Rat.- In Vivo Regulation of B Lymphocyte Production in the Bone Marrow: Effects and Mechanism of Action of Exogenous Stimuli on Pre-B Cell Proliferation and Lymphocyte Turnover.- Influence of the Xid Mutation on B Lymphocyte Development in Adult Mice.- In Vitro Growth and Differentiation of Rat B Cell Subpopulations.- B Cell Production in Adult Rats.- The Paradox of High Rates of B Cell Production in Bone Marrow and the Longevity of Most Mature B cells.- Monoclonal Antibodies to Rat B Lymphocyte (Sub-)Populations.- Effect of Early Embryonic Bursectomy on Lymphocyte Differentiation and Maturation.- Evidence for the Existence of Two Distinct Types of Peyer’s Patches in Sheep.- Evidence of Differences Between Peyer’s Patches and Germinal Centers.- Differentiation of B Lymphocytes in Sheep. II. Surface Phenotype of B Cells leaving the ‘Bursa-Equivalent’ Lymphoid Tissue of Sheep, Ileal Peyer’s Patches.- Origin and Fate of IgE-Bearing Lymphocytes: Modulation of IgE Isotype Expression on Peyer’s Patch Cells.- Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Antibody Specificity Repertoire of “Spontaneously” Occurring Ig-Secreting Cells in Germfree Mice Fed Chemically Defined UltraFiltered, Antigen-Free Diet.- Comparative Analysis of the Development of B Cells in Marginal Zones and Follicles.- Germinal Center Cells: Antigen Specificity, Heavy Chain Class Expression and Evidence of Memory.- The Development of Specific Antibody Producing Cells in the Spleen of Rabbits During the Primary and Secondary Immune Response.- The Ontogenetic Development of the Follicular Dendritic Cell in Rat Spleen.- Origin and Turnover of Follicular Dendritic Cells and Marginal Zone Macrophages in the Mouse Spleen.- Mouse Lymph Node Follicular Dendritic Cells: Quantitative Analysis and Isolation.- Antigen/Antibody Retention by Follicular Dendritic Cells.- Antigenic Phenotype of Rodent Follicular Dendritic Cells in Vitro and in Situ.- B Cell Differentiation: B Cell Subsets and Factors, Organs or Structures involved in B Lymphocyte Genesis.- Thymus and T Cell Differentiation.- Precursors of T-Cell Mitogen Reactive Cells and Their Suppressors in the Mouse Fetal Liver.- Thymus Homing Clonogenic Bone Marrow Cells.- The Role of the Thymic Cortex and Medulla in T Cell Differentiation.- Intrathymic Differentiation in the Rat.- Stromal Cell Populations in the Developing Thymus of Normal and Nude Mice.- New Surface Antigens on Cells in the Early Phase of T-Cell Differentiation, Detected by Monoclonal Antibodies.- Studies on the Role of the Thymus in the Selection and Clonal Expansion of T-Cell Precursors.- Culture of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Studies of Age-Related Changes.- Heterogeneity of Human Thymus Epithelial Cells Revealed by Monoclonal Anti-Epithelial Cell Antibodies.- Heterogeneity of the Human Thymus Epithelial Microenviroilment at the Utrastructural Level.- T Cell Differentiation Within TNC Related Lympho-Epithelial Complexes in the Thymus Cortex.- The Relation Between Thymic Interdigitating Cells and Dendritic Cells.- “T-Cells” in Nude Rats.- T-Cells and T-Cell Subsets in Rat Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) in Situ and in Suspension.- K Cell Activity is Independent of Both Thymus and Spleen.- Use of Transgenic Mice with Human MHC Class 1 Gene (HLA-A2).- Effect of Sympathectomy on the Maturation of Fetal Thymocytes Grown Within the Anterior Eye Chambers in Mice.- The Effect of Dioctyltin Dichloride on the Thymus and T Cell Differentiation in the Rat.- Structural Astpect of Immune Induction.- Antibody Responses to T-Dependent Antigens: Contributions of Dendritic Cells and Helper T Lymphocytes.- Development of Dendritic Cells from Rat Bone Marrow.- The Relation Between Rat Lymph Node Interdigitating Cells in Situ and Dendritic Cells in Suspension.- Dendritic Cells and Macrophages as Antigen Presenting Cells in Ovalbumin-Induced T Lymphocyte Proliferation In Vitro,.- Veiled Cell Lymphocyte Interaction.- A Comparison Between Antigen-Laden Cells and Dendritic Cells in Afferent and Efferent Lymph.- The Heterogeneity of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Lymphoid Organs: Distinct Macrophage Subpopulations in Rat Recognized by Monoclonal Antibodies ED1, ED2 and ED3.- Macrophages Migrate from the Marginal Zone into the Germinal Centre of the Rodent Spleen.- Splenic Dependence of the Antibody Response to the TI-2 Antigen DNP-Ficoll: Effect of the Ficoll Carrier on the Tissue Distribution of 125-I-Ficoll Conjugates.- Evidence That Static but not Recirculating B Cells are Responsible for Antibody Production Against DNP on Neutral Polysaccharide, a TI-2 Antigen.- T Lymphocytes in Rat Lymphoid Follicles are a Subset of T Helper Cells.- Functional Differences Associated with Quantitative Distribution of Ia Antigens on Mouse B cells.- Evidence for a Clonal Development of Specific Antibody Forming Cells in the Spleen.- Modification of Immune Induction by Adjuvant.- Footpad Responses in Nude Mice Immunized with Chicken Erythrocytes.- Cellular Characteristics of the Rosette Forming Cells in the Mouse Spleen.- The Bursa of Fabricius as a Trapping Mechanism for Environmental Antigens.- Maternal Autoimmune Disease Influences Self-Tolerance in Offspring.- The Role of Suppressor T Lymphocytes in the Maintenance of Tolerance to Alloantigens in Bone Marrow Chimeras Prepared with Total Lymphoid Irradiation.- The Role of Memory Suppressor T Cells in Self Tolerance: Induction inUtero and in Athymic Mice.- The Long-Lasting State of Specific Nonresponsiveness Induced by I.V. Immunization with Alloantigens is Due to the Generation of Recirculating Suppressor T Cells.- Pathogenesis of the Intestinal Phase of the Graft-Versus-Host Reaction in F1 Hybrid Mice.- Graft Versus Host Reaction in the Rat: Effect of Cyclosporin A and Cyclophosphamide on Lymphocyte Subsets Involved in GVHR.- Graft Versus Host Disease in the Rat: Ia Expression on Target Tissues.- Induction of Class I and Class II Antigens During Rejection of Allografted Human Hearts.- Enhanced Regeneration of Transplanted Splenic Tissue by Increased Work load.- Retinoid Effects on Murine Immune Responses.- Effect of Avridine on Enteric Antigen Uptake and Mucosal Immunity to Reovirus.- Lymphoid Cell Traffic Patterns.- Regulation of the Size of the Recirculating B Cell Pool of Adult Rats.- The Influence of Complement Receptors on the Localization of Lymphocytes In Vivo.- Interaction of High Endothelial Venules With T and B Cells After Antigenic Stimulation.- Human Lymphocyte-High Endothelial Venule Interaction: Functional and Molecular Characterization.- T Cell Clones: A Model of a Non-recirculating Phase of T Cell Differentiation.- Radiosensitivity of the Circulation of DTH Effector T Lymphocytes: An Accurate Estimate Using a Quantitative Assay.- Evidence for Local Neuromodulation of T Cell Migration In Vivo.- Lymphocyte Migration From Peyer’s Patches by Diapedesis Through M Cells into the Intestinal Lumen.- Emigration of Newly Formed Lymphocytes from Ileal Peyer’s Patches in Lambs.- Patterns of Migration of Labelled Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations: Evidence for Two Types of Peyer’s Patch in the Young Pig.- Interaction Mechanism of Clustering Lymphocytes: Specificity Molecular Properties and its Relation to Migration.- Exploiting Lymphocyte Traffic to Deliver Radioactivity or Ricin to Lymphatic Tissues.- Immunoregulation By Lymphoid Cell Products.- TMF, a Thymic Epithelial Glycoprotein: Chemotaxis of Hematopoietic Precursor Cells.- Characterization of T Cell Growth Factor Responsive Thymocytes in Guinea Pigs.- Lymphokine Production by T Lymphocytes Isolated From Murine Small Intestinal Epithelium.- Resistance to the Induction of T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity Correlates with Lower IL 2 Production.- Detection of Antibody-Induced Feedback Suppression in Spleen Cell Populations of Primed and Unprimed Mice.- IgD-Induced Enhancement of the Immune Response.- Regulation of Isotype Expression in the Immune Response to Type-2 Thymus Independent Dextran Antigens.- Organ-Selective Impairment of Phagocytosis by Cadmium.- Quantitation of Murine IgE in an Automatic ELISA System.- Double Immunoenzymatic Staining Employing Rat and Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies.- Antiobodies as Therapeutic Tools.- Monoclonal Antibodies as Therapeutic Tools in Vivo.- Immunosuppression With Monoclonal Antibodies ― Rules for Effective Serotherapy.- Interaction of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies With Human Killer Cells.- Therapeutic Potential of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Leucocyte Common Antigen.- Elimination of Graft Versus Host Disease in Matched Allogeneic Leukemic Transplant Recipients Using CAMPATH-1.- The Immunotherapeutic Effect of Anti Lyt-1 Antibodies on Local and Metastatic Tumor Growth.- Chemotactic Anti-Tumour Antibodies: In Vitro Results With Four Different Antibody Preparations.- A Monoclonal Antibody With Selectivity For Human Kappa Myeloma and Lymphoma Cells Which has Potential as a Therapeutic Agent.- Derivatives of Anti-Idiotype Antibodies in the Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma.- Protective Effects of Monoclonal Anti-bodies and Immunopurified Glyco-proteins in Primary HSV-1 Infection.- A New Indicator of Human Malignant Tumour Found on Erythrocytes.- Rat Monoclonal Antibodies for Bone Marrow Transplantation ― the CAMPATH Series.- Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Health and Disease.- Changes of Lymphoid Microenvironments in Human Diseases: A Short Review.- The Small Subpopulation of T Cell Marker+/TdT+ Cells in the Human Bone Marrow may Represent Prothymocytes.- M+ Lymphocytes of the Human Foetal Liver are Precursors of T Lymphocytes.- M Receptor and T-Cell Differentiation in the Human Foetal Liver: An In Vitro Study.- Is Ia Antigen Expression by Thymic Epithelial Cells Constitutive?.- The Thymus in “Bare Lymphocyte” Syndrome.- The Thymus in Myasthenia Gravis: An Immunohistologic Study.- B Cell Function in Acute Malaria.- The Origin of B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (B-CLL) and its Relationship to Hairy Cell Leukaemia (HCL).- Increased Representation of a Subpopulation of Early B Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Nodular Lymphocyte Predominance Type of Hodgkin’s Disease is a B Cell Lymphoma.- Two Monoclonal Antibodies Raised Against a Burkitt Lymphoma Cell Line Recognise Separate Components of Lymphoid Follicles.- Isolation of Germinal Centre Cells is Greatly Improved by Using the Protease Dispase to Prepare Cell Suspensions.- Follicular Dendritic Cells Isolated From Human Tonsils.- Follicular Dendritic Cells in Human Germinal Centres and Lymphomatous Follicles: A Morphological Comparison.- The Nature of the Folliculoid Structures in Eosinophilic Lymphfolliculoid Granuloma (Kimura’s Disease).- Normal and Neoplastic Langerhans Cells: Phenotypic Comparison With Other Types of Macrophages.- Ia+T10+ Blast Cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) are Precursors of T+ and B+ Cells.- A Study of Lymph Node Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Benign and Malignant Lymphocytic Skin Infiltrates: Immunological Patterns Recognized by Immunohistochemical Staining with Monoclonal Antibodies.- Differential Expression of Class II MHC Antigens on Cells Derived from Human Tissue.- Beta-Adrenergic Regulation of the Blood Lymphocyte Phenotype Distribution in Normal Subjects and Splenectomized Patients.- Characterisation of Mononuclear Cell Infiltrates by Monoclonal Antibodies in Normal and Neoplastic Colorectal Tissue.- Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Lymph-adenopathies in Homosexual Men.