Modelling and Simulation of Human Behaviour in System Control

The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology impacts all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computing methods, new applications, new philosophies . . . , new challenges. Much of the development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. The potentially devastating effect of an operator making the wrong decision in the control of a highly automated system or process is well known. However as even more large-scale automated systems become likely, for example automated highways for cars, it is increasingly important to be able to assess the safety of these mixed or joint systems. Carlo Cacciabue's monograph on the modelling and simulation of these mixed processes of technological systems and human operators is extremely timely. The monograph provides an up-to-date and systematic presentation of the basic concepts and tools needed. This comprehensive coverage of the subject also includes a review of the last twenty years of research effort in the field.

1. A Framework for Human-Machine Interaction Simulation.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.1.1 Human-Machine System.- 1.1.2 Models and Simulations.- 1.1.3 Modelling Modern Working Contexts.- 1.2 Types and Applications of HMI Simulation.- 1.2.1 Types of Cognitive Simulation and Types of Analysis.- 1.2.2 Types of Application.- 1.3 Elements of HMI Simulation.- 1.3.1 Micro-Cognition, Macro-Cognition and Simulation.- 1.3.2 Theoretical Content of HMI Simulation.- 1.3.3 Practical Implementation of HMI Simulation.- 1.4 An Architecture for HMI Simulation.- 1.4.1 Interaction Model and HMI Simulation.- 1.4.2 Interaction Model and Data Management.- 1.5 A Data Architecture.- 1.5.1 Taxonomies.- 1.5.2 Data and Parameters.- 1.5.3 Data and HMI Simulation Architectures.- 1.6 A Framework for HMI Simulation.- 1.6.1 Elements of Framework.- 1.6.2 Mechanisms of Framework.- 1.7 Summary Requirements and Specifications.- 1.7.1 Areas of application.- 1.7.2 Models, Simulations and Data.- 1.7.3 Types of Analysis.- 1.7.4 Tables of Requirements and Specifications.- 1.7.5 Conclusions.- 2. Engineering Methods and Cognitive Task Analysis.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Engineering Methods for Detection, Diagnosis and Action.- 2.2.1 Theory of Communication.- 2.2.2 Signal Detection and Other Monitoring Theories.- 2.2.3 Control Theory.- 2.3 Engineering Methods for Planning and Decision Making.- 2.3.1 Fuzzy Set Theory.- 2.3.2 Qualitative-Physics Theory.- 2.3.3 Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems.- 2.4 Cognitive Task Analysis.- 2.4.1 Scope of Cognitive Task Analysis.- 2.4.2 Structures and Forms of Cognitive Task Analysis.- 2.4.3 Outcomes of Cognitive Task Analysis.- 2.5 Qualitative-Physics Model for the Control of a Steam Generator.- 2.5.1 Structure of Models, Simulations and Data.- 2.5.2 Quantitative and Qualitative-Physics Models of Physical Processes.- 2.5.3 Quantitative and Qualitative-Physics Models of the Regulator.- 2.5.4 Qualitative-Physics Simulation of Human Machine Interaction.- 2.6 Summary.- 3. Models and Simulations of Cognition.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Review of Models of Cognition.- 3.2.1 SHEL Model.- 3.2.2 Model of Human Problem Solving.- 3.2.3 Step-Ladder, Skill-Rule-Knowledge Model.- 3.2.4 Model of “Fallible Machine”.- 3.2.5 Basic Supervisory Control Paradigm.- 3.2.6 Contextual Control Model.- 3.2.7 Comparison of Cognitive Models.- 3.3 Review of Simulations of Cognition.- 3.3.1 The Simulation AIDE.- 3.3.2 The Simulation CAMEO.- 3.3.3 The Simulation CES.- 3.3.4 The Simulation COSIMO.- 3.3.5 The Operator Function Modelling — OFM.- 3.3.6 The Simulation of a Group — SYBORG.- 3.3.7 Other Cognitive Simulations.- 3.4 Guidelines for Development of a Simulation.- 3.4.1 Definition of Problem Boundaries and Aim of Simulation.- 3.4.2 Cognitive Task Analysis and Field Study of Working Context.- 3.4.3 Selection of Theoretical Model.- 3.4.4 Selection of Numerical Algorithms and Implementation in Programming Language and Environment.- 3.5 An Example of Application.- 3.5.1 Definition of Problem Boundaries and Aim of Simulation — Case Study COSIMO.- 3.5.2 Cognitive Task Analysis and Field Study of Working Context — Case Study COSIMO.- 3.5.3 Selection of Theoretical Model — Case Study COSIMO.- 3.5.4 Selection of Numerical Algorithms and Implementation in Programming Language and Environment — Case Study COSIMO.- 3.5.5 Simulation of Problem Solving Situations by COSIMO.- 3.6 Summary.- 4. Modelling Machine and Interaction.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Models and Simulations of Machines.- 4.3 Interaction Model.- 4.3.1 Algorithms for Interaction Models.- 4.3.2 The DYLAM Methodology.- 4.4 The Chemical and Volume Control System Case Study.- 4.4.1 Plant Description and Accident Scenario — Case Study CVCS.- 4.4.2 Machine Model and Simulation — Case Study CVCS.- 4.4.3 Human Model and Simulation — Case Study CVCS.- 4.4.4 Interaction Model — Case Study CVCS.- 4.4.5 Results of Case Study CVCS.- 4.5 The Auxiliary Feed-Water System Case Study.- 4.5.1 Plant Description and Accident Scenario — Case Study AFWS.- 4.5.2 Machine Model and Simulation — Case Study AFWS.- 4.5.3 Human Model and Simulation — Case Study AFWS.- 4.5.4 Interaction Model — Case Study AFWS.- 4.5.5 Results of Case Study AFWS.- 4.6 Critical Review of Case Studies CVCS and AFWS.- 4.7 Summary.- Acronyms and Abbreviations.- References.- Author Index.