Models for Computer Aided Tolerancing in Design and Manufacturing

Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) is an important topic in any field of design and production where parts move relative to one another and/or are assembled together. Geometric variations from specified dimensions and form always occur when parts are manufactured. Improvements in production systems can cause the amounts of the variations to become smaller, but their presence does not disappear. To shorten the time from concept to market of a product, it has been increasingly important to take clearances and the tolerancing of manufacturing variations into consideration right from the beginning, at the stage of design. Hence, geometric models are defined that represent both the complete array of geometric variations possible during manufacture and also the influence of geometry on the function of individual parts and on assemblies of them.

The contents of this book originate from a collection of selected papers presented at the 9th CIRP International Seminar on CAT that was held from April 10-12, 2005 at Arizona State University, USA. The CIRP (Collège International pour la Recherche en Production or International Institution for Production Engineering Research) plans this seminar every two years, and the book is one in a series of Proceedings on CAT. The book is organized into seven parts: Models for Tolerance Representation and Specification, Tolerance Analysis, Tolerance Synthesis, Computational Metrology and Verification, Tolerances in Manufacturing, Applications to Machinery, and Incorporating Elasticity in Tolerance Models.

Keynote abstract: A Unified Approach to Design of Assemblies Integrating Nominal and Variation Design, by D. WHITNEY (MASSACHUSETTS INST. OF TECHNOLOGY, USA); Tolerance Representation and Specification: Virtual Gauge Representation for Geometrical Tolerances in CAD/CAM Systems; E. PAIREL, P. HERNANDEZ, M. GIORDANO (UNIV. DE SAVOIE, FRANCE); Modal Expression of Form Defects, by F. FORMOSA, S. SAMPER (UNIV. DE SAVOIE, FRANCE); Dependence and Independence of Variations of a Geometric Object, by P. SERRÉ, A. RIVIÈRE, A. CLÉMENT (CESTI, ST. OUEN, DASSAULT SYSTÈMES, FRANCE); A Model for a Coherent and Complete Tolerancing Process, by L. MATHIEU, A. BALLU (LURPA ENS DE CACHAN, LMP BORDEAUX, FRANCE); Tolerance-Maps Applied to the Straightness and Orientation of an Axis, by S. BHIDE, G. AMETA, J.K. DAVIDSON, J.J. SHAH (UGS THE PLM COMPANY, ARIZONA STATE UNIV., USA); Tolerance Analysis: Information Modeling to Manage Tolerances during Product and Process Design, by J.Y. DANTAN, T. LANDMANN, A. SIADAT, P. MARTIN (ENSAM, METZ, FRANCE); Relative Positioning of Planar Parts in Toleranced Assemblies, by Y. OSTROVSKY-BERMAN, L. JOSKOWICZ (HEBREW UNIV. OF JERUSALEM, ISRAEL); Geometrical Variations Management in a Multi-Disciplinary Environment with the Jacobian-Torsor Model, by A. DESROCHERS (UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE, CANADA); Tolerance Analysis and Synthesis by Means of Deviation Domains, Axi-Symmetric Cases, by M. GIORDANO, S. SAMPER, J.P. PETIT (UNIV. DE SAVOIE, FRANCE); Re-Design of Mechanical Assemblies using the Unified Jacobian–Torsor Model for Tolerance Analysis, by W. GHIE, L. LAPERRIÈRE, A. DESROCHERS (UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À TROIS-RIVIÈRES, UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE, CANADA); Tolerance Synthesis: Complex Mechanical Structure Tolerancing by Means of Hyper-graphs, by M. GIORDANO, E. PAIREL, P. HERNANDEZ (UNIV. DE SAVOIE, FRANCE); An Efficient Solution to the Discrete Least-Cost Tolerance Allocation Problem with General Loss Functions, by J. LÖÖF,T. HERMANSSON, R. SÖDERBERG (CHALMERS UNIV., SWEDEN); Computational Metrology and Verification: Monitoring Coordinate Measuring Machines by User-Defined Calibrated Parts, by A. WECKENMANN, S. BEETZ (UNIV. ERLANGEN-NUREMBERG, ERLANGEN); Evaluation of Geometric Deviations in Sculptured Surfaces Using Probability Density Estimation, by A. BARARI, H. A. ELMARAGHY, G.K. KNOPF (UNIV. OF WESTERN ONTARIO, UNIV. OF WINDSOR, CANADA); How to Automate the Geometrical Tolerances Inspection: A Reverse Engineering Approach, by M. GERMANI, F. MANDORLI (POLYTECHNIC UNIV. OF MARCHE, ITALY); A New Algorithm to Assess Revolute Surfaces through Theory of Surface Continuous Symmetry, by W. POLINI, U. PRISCO, G. GIORLEO (UNIV. DI CASSINO, UNIV. DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI, ITALY); Statistical Modelling of Geometrical Invariant Sampled Sets, by P. CHIABERT, M. De MADDIS (POLITECNICO DI TORINO, ITALY); Tolerances in Manufacturing: Simulation of the Manufacturing Process in a Tolerancing Point of View: Generic Resolution of the Positioning Problem, by F. VILLENEUVE, F. VIGNAT (UNIV. OF GRENOBLE, FRANCE); Surface Best Fit : Generated Distribution of the Real Manufacturing Process, by S. ARANDA, J.M. LINARES, J.M. SPRAUEL, P. BOURDET (EA (MS)2,I.U.T., LURPA - ENS DE CACHAN, FRANCE); Position Deviation of a Holes Pattern Due to Six-Point Locating Principle, by W. POLINI, G. MORONI (UNIV. DI CASSINO, POLITECNICO DI MILANO, ITALY); Tolerance Assignment Using Genetic Algorithm for Production Planning, by H. SONG, Y. D. YANG, Y. ZHOU, Y. K. RONG (WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INST., USA); Applications to Machinery: Impact of Geometric Uncertainties Onto the Operating Performance of a Mechanical System, by J.M. LINARES, J.M. SPRAUEL, S. ARANDA, P. BOURDET (EA (MS)2,I.U.T., LURPA - ENS DE CACHAN, FRANCE); Influence of the Standard Components Integration on the Tolerancing Activity, by J. DUFAURE, D. TEISSANDIER, G. DEBARBOUILLE (OPEN CASCADE SA, UNIV. DE BORDEAUX, FRANCE); Surfaces