The Modula-2 Software Component Library

This book is the first volume in a series entitled The Modula-2 Software Component Library. Charles Lins collection of reusable standard software components, could be the basis for every programmers software project in Modula-2. Components that are implementations of commonly used data structures are presented, along with an adequate description of their functionality and efficiency. Moreover, the books provide the background necessary to tailor these components to the specific needs of any Modula-2 environment. For every Modula-2 programmer this series of books might prove as useful and indispensible as the original language reference by Niklaus Wirth.

0 Introduction.- 1 Reusable Software Components.- 1.1 Components and Data Abstraction.- 1.1.1 Data Abstraction.- 1.1.2 Components.- 1.2 Importance of Reusable Software.- 1.3 Component Forms.- 1.3.1 Concurrency.- 1.3.2 Space.- 1.3.3 Garbage Collection & Memory Management.- 1.3.4 Iterators.- 1.3.5 Variations in Form.- References.- 2 Specification.- 2.1 Requirements for Specifications.- 2.2 Specification of Abstractions.- 2.2.1 Procedure Abstractions.- 2.2.2 Specifying Procedure Abstractions.- 2.2.3 Data Abstractions.- 2.2.4 Specifying Data Abstractions.- 2.2.5 Special Symbols.- 2.3 Abstract Data Type Operations.- 2.3.1 Standard Specification of Primitive Constructors.- 2.3.2 Standard Specification of Constructors.- 2.3.3 Standard Specification of Selectors.- 2.3.4 Standard Specification of Iterators.- Further Reading.- References.- 3 Module Guide.- 3.1 Purpose.- 3.2 Exception Handling Modules.- 3.2.1 Error Handling.- 3.3 Generic Item Support Modules.- 3.3.1 Items.- 3.3.2 Item Operations.- 3.3.3 Relations.- 3.3.4 Type Manager.- 3.4 Bags.- 3.4.1 Bag Enumerations.- 3.4.2 Bag-Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator (SBMI).- 3.4.3 Bag-Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator (SUMI).- 3.4.4 Bag-Discrete Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator (DSBMI).- 3.5 Sets.- 3.5.1 Set Enumerations.- 3.5.2 Set-Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator (SBMI).- 3.5.3 Set-Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator (SUMI).- 3.5.4 Set-Discrete Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator (DSBMI).- 3.6 Stacks.- 3.6.1 Stack Enumerations.- 3.6.2 Stack-Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator (SBMI).- 3.6.3 Stack-Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator (SUMI).- 3.7 Strings.- 3.7.1 String Enumerations.- 3.7.2 String-Sequential Bounded Managed Iterator (SBMI).- 3.7.3 String-Sequential Unbounded Managed Iterator (SUMI).- 3.8 Module Names.- References.- 4 Generic Items.- 4.1 Items.- 4.1.1 Kinds of Items.- 4.1.2 Static vs. Dynamic Items.- 4.1.3 Operations on Items.- 4.1.4 Generic Items.- 4.1.5 Defining Generic Items.- 4.2 Generic Item Specifications.- 4.2.1 Relations.- 4.2.2 Items.- 4.3 Implementing Generic Items.- 4.3.1 Relations Definition Module.- 4.3.2 Relations Implementation Module.- 4.3.3 Items Definition Module.- 4.3.4 Items Implementation Module.- 4.3.5 Character Items Definition Module.- 4.3.6 Integer Items Definition Module.- 4.3.7 Item Operations Definition Module.- 4.3.8 Item Operations Implementation Module.- 4.3.9 Type Manager Definition Module.- 4.3.10 Type Manager Implementation Module.- 4.3.11 Error Handling Definition Module.- References.- 5 Stack Abstraction.- 5.1 Stacks: Concepts and Definitions.- 5.2 Summary of Applications and Uses.- 5.3 Stack Constructor Operations.- 5.3.1 Create.- 5.3.2 Destroy.- 5.3.3 Clear.- 5.3.4 Assign.- 5.3.5 Push.- 5.3.6 Pop.- 5.3.7 PopTopOf.- 5.4 Stack Selector Operations.- 5.4.1 IsDefined.- 5.4.2 IsEmpty.- 5.4.3 IsEqual.- 5.4.4 TopOf.- 5.4.5 DepthOf.- 5.5 Stack Iterator Operations.- 5.5.1 LoopOver.- 5.5.2 LoopChange.- 5.5.3 Traverse.- 5.5.4 TraverseChange.- 5.6 Stack Exceptions.- 5.6.1 Initialization Failed.- 5.6.2 Overflow.- 5.6.3 Type Error.- 5.6.4 Underflow.- 5.6.5 Undefined.- 5.7 Summary.- 5.7.1 Operations Summary.- 5.7.2 Exceptions Summary.- References.- 6 The Bounded Stack.- 6.1 StackEnumerations Interface.- 6.2 StackSBMI Interface.- 6.2.1 Exceptions.- 6.2.2 Constructors.- 6.2.3 Selectors.- 6.2.4 Iterators.- 6.3 StackSBMI Implementation.- 6.3.1 Internal Representation.- 6.3.2 Exceptions.- 6.3.3 Constructors.- 6.3.4 Selectors.- 6.3.5 Iterators.- 6.3.6 Module Initialization.- References.- 7 The Unbounded Stack.- 7.1 StackSUMI Interface.- 7.1.1 Exceptions.- 7.1.2 Constructors.- 7.1.3 Selectors.- 7.1.4 Iterators.- 7.2 StackSUMI Implementation.- 7.2.1 Internal Unbounded Stack Representation.- 7.2.2 Efficiency of Operations.- 7.2.3 Exceptions.- 7.2.4 Constructors.- 7.2.5 Selectors.- 7.2.6 Iterators.- 7.2.7 Module Initialization.- References.- 8 String Abstraction.- 8.1 Concepts and Definitions.- 8.2 Applications.- 8.3 String Constructor Operations.- 8.3.1 Create.- 8.3.2 Destroy.- 8.3.3 Clear.- 8.3.4 Assign.- 8.3.5 Prepaid.- 8.3.6 Append.- 8.3.7 Insert.- 8.3.8 Delete.- 8.3.9 Replace.- 8.3.10 Setltem.- 8.4 String Selector Operations.- 8.4.1 IsDefined.- 8.4.2 IsEmpty.- 8.4.3 IsEqual.- 8.4.4 LengthOf.- 8.4.5 IsLessThen.- 8.4.6 IsGtrThen.- 8.4.7 Compare.- 8.4.8 ItemOf.- 8.4.9 SubstringOf.- 8.4.10 SliceOf.- 8.5 String Iterator Operations.- 8.5.1 LoopOver.- 8.5.2 LoopChange.- 8.5.3 Traverse.- 8.5.4 TraverseChange.- 8.6 String Exceptions.- 8.6.1 InitFailed.- 8.6.2 Overflow.- 8.6.3 Position Error.- 8.6.4 Type Error.- 8.6.5 Undefined.- 8.7 Summary.- 8.7.1 Operations Summary.- 8.7.2 Exceptions Summary.- References.- 9 The Bounded String.- 9.1 S tringEnumerations Interface.- 9.2 StringCSBMI Interface.- 9.2.1 Exceptions.- 9.2.2 Constructors.- 9.2.3 Selectors.- 9.2.4 Iterators.- 9.3 StringCSBMI Implementation.- 9.3.1 Internal Bounded String Representation.- 9.3.2 Exceptions.- 9.3.3 Local Routines.- 9.3.4 Constructors.- 9.3.5 Selectors.- 9.3.6 Iterators.- 9.3.7 Module Initialization.- References.- 10 The Unbounded String.- 10.1 StringCSUMI Interface.- 10.1.1 Exceptions.- 10.1.2 Constructors.- 10.1.3 Selectors.- 10.1.4 Iterators.- 10.2 StringCSUMI Implementation.- 10.2.1 Internal Unbounded String Representation.- 10.2.2 Exceptions.- 10.2.3 Local Routines.- 10.2.4 SetSize.- 10.2.5 Constructors.- 10.2.6 Selectors.- 10.2.7 Iterators.- 10.2.8 Module Initialization.- References.- 11 Set Abstraction.- 11.1 Concepts and Definitions.- 11.1.1 Concepts.- 11.1.2 Definitions.- 11.2 Applications.- 11.3 Set Notation.- 11.3.1 Examples.- 11.3.2 Laws of Set Theory.- 11.4 Set Constructor Operations.- 11.4.1 Assign.- 11.4.2 Clear.- 11.4.3 Create.- 11.4.4 Destroy.- 11.4.5 Complement.- 11.4.6 Difference.- 11.4.7 Exclude.- 11.4.8 Include.- 11.4.9 Intersection.- 11.4.10 Symmetric Difference.- 11.4.11 Union.- 11.5 Set Selector Operations.- 11.5.1 IsDefined.- 11.5.2 IsEmpty.- 11.5.3 IsEqual.- 11.5.4 NumMembers.- 11.5.5 IsAMember.- 11.5.6 IsAProperSubset.- 11.5.7 IsASubset.- 11.6 Set Iterator Operations.- 11.6.1 LoopOver.- 11.6.2 Traverse.- 11.7 Undesired Events & Exceptions.- 11.7.1 Initialization Failed.- 11.7.2 Domain Error.- 11.7.3 Item In Set.- 11.7.4 Item Not In Set.- 11.7.5 Overflow.- 11.7.6 Undefined.- 11.8 Summary.- 11.8.1 Operations Summary.- 11.8.2 Exceptions Summary.- References.- 12 The Bounded Set.- 12.1 SetEnumerations Interface.- 12.2 SetSBMI Interface.- 12.2.1 Exceptions.- 12.2.2 Constructors.- 12.2.3 Selectors.- 12.2.4 Iterators.- 12.3 SetSBMI Implementation.- 12.3.1 Internal Bounded Set Representation.- 12.3.2 Exceptions.- 12.3.3 Local Routines.- 12.3.4 Constructors.- 12.3.5 Selectors.- 12.3.6 Iterators.- 12.3.7 Module Initialization.- References.- 13 The Unbounded Set.- 13.1 SetSUMI Interface.- 13.1.1 Exceptions.- 13.1.2 Constructors.- 13.1.3 Selectors.- 13.1.4 Iterators.- 13.2 SetSUMI Implementation.- 13.2.1 Internal Unbounded Set Representation.- 13.2.2 Exceptions.- 13.2.3 Local Routines.- 13.2.4 Constructors.- 13.2.5 Selectors.- 13.2.6 Iterators.- 13.2.7 Module Initialization.- References.- 14 The Discrete Bounded Set.- 14.1 SetCSBMI Interface.- 14.1.1 Exceptions.- 14.1.2 Constructors.- 14.1.3 Selectors.- 14.1.4 Iterators.- 14.2 SetCSBMI Implementation.- 14.2.1 Internal Discrete Set Representation.- 14.2.2 Exceptions.- 14.2.3 Constructors.- 14.2.4 Selectors.- 14.2.5 Iterators.- 14.2.6 Module Initialization.- References.- Appendices.- A Modula-2 Syntax Diagrams.- B Standard Modula-2 Routines.- C Modula-2 Compilers.- D ASCII Table.- E Import Graphs.