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This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 36. Chapters: Napoleonic Beacons in England, Napoleonic defences of Dover, Semaphore line, Martello tower, Dover Castle, Wimbledon Common, Blackdown, West Sussex, Dover Western Heights, Shorncliffe Redoubt, Tilbury Fort, Beacon Hill, Burghclere, Hampshire, Coalhouse Fort, Portsdown Hill, Fort Cumberland, Eastbourne Redoubt, Fort Amherst, Harting, Harwich Redoubt, Dymchurch Redoubt, Fort Clarence, Littlehampton Redoubt, Landguard Fort, Beacon Hill, Norfolk, Jaywick Martello Tower, Seaford Museum, Beacon Hill, Sedgley, Beacon Hill Battery, Fort Pitt, Kent, Cliffe Fort, Shornemead Fort, New Tavern Fort, Bath Side Battery, Shotley Battery. Excerpt: Martello towers (or simply Martellos) are small defensive forts built in several countries of the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the Napoleonic Wars onwards. They stand up to 40 feet (12m) high (with two floors) and typically had a garrison of one officer and 15-25 men. Their round structure and thick walls of solid masonry made them resistant to cannon fire, while their height made them an ideal platform for a single heavy artillery piece, mounted on the flat roof and able to traverse a 360° arc. A few towers had moats for extra defence. The Martello towers were used during the first half of the 19th century, but became obsolete with the introduction of powerful rifled artillery. Many have survived to the present day, often preserved as historic monuments. A Martello tower on the plains of Abraham in Quebec City (Quebec, Canada), at the top of Cap Diamant overlooking the Saint Lawrence River.Martello towers were inspired by a round fortress, part of a larger Genovese defence system, at Mortella (Myrtle) Point in Corsica (see picture here ). The designer was Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), and the tower was completed in 1565. Since the 15th century, the Corsicans had built similar towers at strategic points around the island to protect coastal villages and shipping from North African pirates. The towers stood one or two storeys high and measured 12-15 m (36-45 ft) in diameter, with a single doorway 5 m off the ground that one could access only via a ladder which the occupants could remove. Local villagers paid for the towers and watchmen, known as torregiani, who would signal the approach of unexpected ships by lighting a beacon fire on the tower's roof. The fire would alert the local defence forces to the threat. Although the pirate threat subsequently dwindled, the Genovese built a newer generation of circular towers that warded off later foreign invasions. On 7 February 1794, two British warships, HMS Fortitude (74 guns) and 36 pp. Englisch. Codice articolo 9781156135792
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