Neurobiology and Cell Physiology of Chemoreception

This volume records the papers presented in Chieti, Italy, at the 1991 meeting of the International Society for Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC). This was the eleventh of a series of assemblies held since 1959. This field of research, which examines the critical function and mechanisms of O and pHIPC0 sensitive cells in 2 2 the body, is unique in that it encompasses diverse biological and medical areas. The reader of this book will note chapters concerning modem techniques like in situ hybridization; analysis of cell membrane channels and intracellular ion movements; immunohistochemistry of peptides, hormones, and the corresponding receptors of chemoreceptor cells; and systemic analysis of reflex pathways involving chemoreceptor cells and their meaning in health and disease. This broad spectrum will appeal to readers interested in the chemoreceptor field, as well as young scientists seeking a scientific field where not only structural analysis but also a sense for functional connections is required. In recognition of the importance of the contribution of a new scientific generation to this field, ISAC awarded the prestigious F. de Castro-C. Heymans­ E. Neil prize to A. G6rlach, a young scientist. Also at this meeting, the Ferdinando Data Foundation Award, for helping scientists from non-developed countries to pursue their interest in chemoreception, was initiated. ISAC held plenary lectures in honor of C. Eyzaguirre and R. Forster, both of whom have contributed greatly to research in the chemoreceptor field.

1 Vascular Analysis of the Carotid Body in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- 2 Role of the Carotid Sinus Nerve and of Dopamine in the Biochemical Response of Sympathetic Tissues to Long-Term Hypoxia.- 3 The Effects of Almitrine on [3H]5HT and [125I] Endothelin Binding to Central and Peripheral Receptors: An In Vitro Autoradiographic Study in the Cat.- 4 Immunocytochemical and Neurochemical Aspects of Sympathetic Ganglion Chemosensitivity.- 5 Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Markers in the Human Carotid Body in Health and Disease.- 6 The Effects of Chronic Hypoxaemia upon the Structure of the Human Carotid Body.- 7 Dopaminergic and Peptidergic Sensory Innervation of the Rat Carotid Body: Organization and Development.- 8 Effects of Cell-Free Perfusion and Almitrine Bismesylate on the Ultrastructure of Type-1 Cell Mitochondria in the Cat Carotid Body.- 9 Multi-Unit Compartmentation of the Carotid Body Chemoreceptor by Perineurial Cell Sheaths: Immunohistochemistry and Freeze-Fracture Study.- 10 Light and Electronmicroscopical Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Innervation of the Human Carotid Body.- 11 Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) Expression in Pulmonary Neuro-Endocrine Cells (NE) and a Netumor Cell Line.- 12 Effects of Hypoxia on Cultured Chemoreceptors of the Rat Carotid Body: DNA Synthesis and Mitotic Activity in Glomus Cells.- 13 Localization of Dopamine D2 Receptor mRNA in the Rabbit Carotid Body and Petrosal Ganglion by in situ Hybridization.- 14 Noradrenergic Glomus Cells in the Carotid Body: An Autoradiographic and Immunocytochemical Study in the Rabbit and Rat.- 15 The Modulation of Intracellular pH in Carotid Body Glomus Cells by Extracellular pH and pCO2.- 16 Evidence for Glucose Uptake in the Rabbit Carotid Body.- 17 Effects of Inorganic Calcium Channel Blockers on Carotid Chemosensory Responses in the Cat.- 18 Those Strange Glomus Cells.- 19 Carotid Body Neurotransmission.- 20 Carbonic Anhydrase and the Carotid Body.- 21 Ca2+ Dynamics in Chemoreceptor Cells: An Overview.- 22 Spectrophotometric Analysis of Heme Proteins in Oxygen Sensing Cell Systems.- 23 Neurochemical and Molecular Biological Aspects on the Resetting of the Arterial Chemoreceptors in the Newborn Rat.- 24 Carbonic Anhydrase and Carotid Body Chemoreception in the Presence and Absence of CO2-HCO3-.- 25 Role of Ion-Exchangers in the Cat Carotid Body Chemotransduction.- 26 Dopamine Metabolism in the Rabbit Carotid Body in vitro: Effect of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia.- 27 PO2-Dependence of Phospholipase C in the Cat Carotid Body.- 28 Optical Measurements of Micro-Vascular Oxygen Pressure and Intracellular pH in the Cat Carotid Body: Testing Hypotheses of Oxygen Chemoreception.- 29 Elevation of Cytosolic Calcium Induced by pH Changes in Cultured Carotid Body Glomus Cells.- 30 Role of Carbon Dioxide for Hypoxic Chemotransduction of the Cat Carotid Body.- 31 Metabolic Substrate Dependence of Carotid Chemosensory Responses to Stop-Flow Evoked Hypoxia and to Nicotine.- 32 Effects of Chemosensory Stimulation Membrane Currents Recorded with the Perforated-Patch Method from Cultured Rat Glomus Cells.- 33 Carbonic Anhydrase Near Central Chemoreceptors.- 34 Update on the Bicarbonate Hypothesis.- 35 Regulation of Intracellular pH in Type I Cells of the Neonatal Rat Carotid Body.- 36 Noradrenergic Inhibition of the Goat Carotid Body.- 37 Role of Substance P in Rat Carotid Body Responses to Hypoxia and Capsaicin.- 38 Carotid Sinus Nerve Inhibition Mediated by Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.- 39 Neurotransmitters and Second Messenger Systems in the Carotid Body.- 40 Does Adenosine Stimulate Rat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors?.- 41 Effects of Haloperidol on Cat Carotid Body Chemoreceptionin Vitro.- 42 Effect of Arterial Chemoreceptor Stimulation: Role of Norepinephrine in Hypoxic Chemotransmission.- 43 Carotid Body Denervation and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Rat.- 44 Effects of Chemoreceptor Stimulation by Almitrine Bismesylate on Renal Function in Conscious Rats.- 45 Carbon Dioxide-Sensitive Laryngeal Receptors and their Reflex Effects.- 46 Ventilatory Response at the Onset of Exercise: An Update of the Neurohumoral Theory.- 47 Carotid Chemoreceptor Reflex Cardioinhibitory Responses: Comparison of their Modulation by Central Inspiratory Neuronal Activity and Activity of Pulmonary Stretch Afferents.- 48 The Modulation of Peripheral Chemoreceptor Input by Central Nervous System Hypoxia.- 49 Chemoreflexogenic Ventilatory Drive in Humans Adapted to Unusual Environments.- 50 Respiratory and Cardiovascular Activities in Carotid Body Resected Humans.- 51 Effects of Oxygen Tests on the Ventilatory Resposes of the Cat and Rhesus Monkey to Changes in Arterial Potassium.- 52 Thermal Effects Upon the Chemosensory Drive of Ventilation.- 53 Carotid Chemosensory Response to Doxapram in the Newborn Kitten.- 54 Carotid Chemoreceptor Responses to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Developing Kittens.- 55 Presence of Chemosensitive SIF Cells in the Rat Sympathetic Ganglia: A Biochemical, Immunocytochemical and Pharmacological Study.- 56 Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Cobalt on Macroprotein Pattern in the Rabbit Carotid Body and Superior Cervical Ganglion: Preliminary Observations.- 57 Time Course of the Response of Carotid Chemoreceptors to Sudden Rise of Inspired CO2in the Newborn Kitten.- 58 The Carotid Chemosensory Response to Hypoxia in the Developing Kitten.- 59 Actions of Doxapram on K±Currents in Isolated Type I Cells of the Neonatal Rat Carotid Body.- 60 Stimulatory Effect of Long-Term Hypoxia on the Posterior Part of A2 Noradrenergic Cell Group in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius of Rat.- 61 Taurine Interaction with the Cat Carotid Body Function In Vitro.- Contributors.