Notations for Software Design presents a wide variety of formal, mathematically-based, textual notations for describing software systems. Together these notations cover every stage of the software design process.
Formal approaches to software development are currently being implemented by many companies. This volume explains formal specification and design using COLD-1, a wide-spectrum language which supports a variety of specification styles. COLD-1 was developed in an industrial environment in cooperation with academic research groups and partners in ESPRIT projects, and is now being used in real product design. Detailed case studies are used to show the language in action. The authors also create an important link between current and future practice by covering a number of commonly-used informal techniques, such as Venn diagrams and Petri nets.
Notations for Software Design will enable the reader to develop a working knowledge of a wide variety of formal notations, and to use and apply these notations effectively. It will provide invaluable reading for practitioners in software development who are interested in using formal notations for producing dependable software, and will also be of interest to students of computer science.

Contenuti

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Software Design.- 1.2 Software Specification.- 1.3 Notations for Software Design.- 2 The Vending Machine Case.- 2.1 Objectives.- 2.2 Analysing the Application.- 2.3 Analysing the Building Blocks.- 2.4 Design.- 2.5 Realization.- 2.6 Concluding Remarks.- 3 Patterns for Definitions.- 3.1 Introduction and Motivation.- 3.2 States and State Transformers.- 3.3 Patterns for Function Definitions.- 3.4 Patterns for Predicate Definitions.- 3.5 Patterns for Sort Definitions.- 3.6 Patterns for Procedure Definitions.- 3.7 Axioms and Theorems.- 3.8 Assertions.- 3.9 Expressions.- 3.10 Concluding Remarks.- 4 Patterns for Components.- 4.1 Introduction and Motivation.- 4.2 Basic Pattern.- 4.3 Using Components.- 4.4 Signatures.- 4.5 Renamings.- 4.6 More on Component Definitions.- 4.7 Structure of Complete Descriptions.- 4.8 More on Instantiating Components.- 4.9 Concluding Remarks.- 5 Mechanisms for Naming.- 5.1 Introduction and Motivation.- 5.2 Structure of Names.- 5.3 Names in Definitions and Axioms.- 5.4 Names in Signatures and Renamings.- 5.5 Names in Instantiations.- 5.6 Object Names.- 5.7 Name Clashes.- 5.8 Names and Notational Conventions.- 5.9 Concluding Remarks.- 6 The Automatic Railway Case.- 6.1 Objectives.- 6.2 Vocabulary of the Application Domain.- 6.3 Analysis of the Application Domain.- 6.4 System Requirements.- 6.5 The Architecture of Safety.- 6.6 Components for Safety and Reachability.- 6.7 Putting the Components Together.- 6.8 Refinements of the Safety Requirement.- 6.9 Data Structures.- 6.10 Invariant Assertions.- 6.11 Algorithms.- 6.12 Proof Aspects.- 6.13 Real-time Aspects.- 6.14 Realization Aspects.- 6.15 Concluding Remarks.- 7 Pictorial Representations.- 7.1 Survey.- 7.2 Area Diagrams: General.- 7.3 Venn diagrams.- 7.4 Statecharts.- 7.5 Nassi-Shneidermann Diagrams.- 7.6 HOOD diagrams.- 7.7 Graph Diagrams: General.- 7.8 Function Graphs.- 7.9 State Transition Diagrams.- 7.10 Call Graphs.- 7.11 Import Graphs.- 7.12 Concluding Remarks.- 8 More Pictorial Representations.- 8.1 Network Diagrams: General.- 8.2 Data Flow Diagrams.- 8.3 Data Flow Diagrams with Stores.- 8.4 Flow Charts.- 8.5 Abstract Hardware Diagrams.- 8.6 State-based Abstract Hardware Diagrams.- 8.7 Petri Nets.- 8.8 SDL-like Diagrams.- 8.9 Sequence Charts: General.- 8.10 Asynchronous Sequence Charts.- 8.11 Synchronous Sequence Charts.- 8.12 Concluding Remarks.- 9 Advanced Topics.- 9.1 Introduction and Motivation.- 9.2 Review of Modular Structuring.- 9.3 How to Set up Basic Components.- 9.4 Sharing a State Space.- 9.5 Principles of Modular Structuring.- 9.6 Guidelines and Techniques.- 9.7 Mirroring.- 9.8 Object-orientedness.- 9.9 Conservativity and Visibility Consistency.- 9.10 Black Box Correctness.- 9.11 Component Invariants.- 9.12 Loop Invariants.- 9.13 Memoization.- 9.14 Concluding Remarks.- A Syntax of COLD-1.- A.1 Introduction.- A.2 Lexical Units.- A.3 Grammar.- A.4 Operator Priorities and Associativities.- B Standard Library.- B.1 Items.- B.2 Ordered Items.- B.3 Booleans.- B.4 Natural Numbers.- B.5 Integer Numbers.- B.6 Enumerations.- B.7 Characters.- B.8 Tuples.- B.9 Unions.- B.10 Finite Sets.- B.11 Finite Bags.- B.12 Finite Sequences.- B.13 Finite Maps.- C Glossary of Terms.

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